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Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Disturbs Glutamate/GABA Balance in pFRG of Neonatal Rats
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Yating Fu, Fang Lei, Ji Wang, Wen Wang, Yu ZhengAbstractWe previously found that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of parafacial respiratory group (pFRG, a critical site for mammalian central chemoreception) in neonatal rats. The present work was carried out to identify if maternal CS exposure could disturb the glutamate (GLU)-ergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic balance in pFRG of neonatal rats. We found that...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The effect of menstrual cycle on maximal breath-hold time
In conclusion, the greater BHT observed at the ML phase of the menstrual cycle may be the result of elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone during midluteal phase affecting both ventilatory response and metabolic rate. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Is there a common drive for buccal movements associated with buccal and lung ‘breath’ in Lithobates catesbeianus?
Publication date: Available online 8 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Brigitte Quenet, Ginette Horcholle-Bossavit, Stéphanie Fournier, Tara Adele Janes, Richard KinkeadAbstractIn amphibians, there is some evidence that (1) anatomically separate brainstem respiratory oscillators are involved in rhythm generation, one for the buccal rhythm and another for the lung rhythm and (2) they become functionally coupled during metamorphosis. The present analysis, performed on neurograms recorded using brainstem preparations from Lithobates catesbeianus, aims to investigate the temporal organisation...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 8, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The development of various forms of lung injury with increasing tidal volume in normal rats
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2020Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Edgardo D'Angelo, Antonia Koutsoukou, Patrizia Della Valle, Guendalina Gentile, Matteo PecchiariAbstractSixty-three, open-chest normal rats were subjected to mechanical ventilation (MV) with tidal volumes (VT) ranging from 7.5 to 39.5ml⋅ kg-1 and PEEP 2.3cmH2O. Arterial blood gasses and pressure, and lung mechanics were measured during baseline ventilation (VT = 7.5ml⋅ kg-1) before and after test ventilation, when cytokine, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and albumin concentration in serum and broncho-alveolar ...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 4, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Effects of 100% oxygen during exercise in patients with interstitial lung disease
ConclusionExercise-induced increases in VE and VCO2 were prevented by breathing pure oxygen during CPET, demonstrating both decreased ventilatory drive and more efficient exercise at achieved workloads. Hyperoxia could enhance the ability of patients with ILD to train at higher workloads, resulting in more effective rehabilitation. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - January 4, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Regeneration of the gill filaments and replacement of serotonergic neuroepithelial cells in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
We report regeneration of gill filaments and respiratory lamellae in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gill filaments retained a constitutive population of mitotic cells identified by the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Within 24 h of resection, a new mass of PCNA-positive cells appeared at the filament tip. At 40 days post-resection, approximately half of resected tissue was replaced; and at 160 days post-resection, regeneration was nearly complete. Chemoreceptive neuroepithelial cells, identified by serotonin immunohistochemistry, were present in regenerates and established innervation by nerve fibres. Use of t...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Impact of inflammation on developing respiratory control networks: rhythm generation, chemoreception and plasticity
Publication date: Available online 30 December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Sarah A. Beyeler, Matthew R. Hodges, Adrianne G. HuxtableAbstractThe respiratory control network in the central nervous system undergoes critical developmental events early in life to ensure adequate breathing at birth. There are at least three “critical windows” in development of respiratory control networks: 1) in utero, 2) newborn (postnatal day 0-4 in rodents), and 3) neonatal (P10-13 in rodents, 2-4 months in humans). During these critical windows, developmental processes required for normal maturation of the...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Iloprost inhibits acute allergic nasal inflammation by GATA3 -ILC2 pathway in mice
ConclusionIloprost may potentially inhibit the proliferation and activation of innate lymphoid cells 2 in mice with acute allergic inflammation, which maybe an effective option for the treatment of acute allergic inflammation related diseases. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The assessment of the peak of reflex cough in subjects with Acquired Brain Injury and tracheostomy and healthy controls
ConclusionReflex cough behaviour differs largely from voluntary cough and the PCF results reflect this great discrepancy. PCF-reflex could be useful parameter for assessing the airway protection whereas PCF-voluntary for measuring airway clearance. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 31, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Multidimensional Aspects of Dyspnea in Obese Patients Referred for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Publication date: Available online 30 December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Bryce N. Balmain, Kyle Weinstein, Vipa Bernhardt, Rubria Marines-Price, Andrew R. Tomlinson, Tony G. BabbABSTRACTWe investigated the contributions of obesity on multidimensional aspects of dyspnea on exertion (DOE) in patients referred for clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Ratings of perceived breathlessness (RPB, Borg scale 0-10) were collected in obese (BMI ≥ 30; n = 47) and nonobese (BMI ≤ 25; n = 27) patients during two (one lower: ∼30 W; and one higher: ∼50 W) 4-6 min...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 30, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

All roads lead to inflammation: Is maternal immune activation a common culprit behind environmental factors impacting offspring neural control of breathing?
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Andrew O. Knutson, Jyoti J. WattersAbstractDespite numerous studies investigating how prenatal exposures impact the developing brain, there remains very little known about how these in utero exposures impact the life-sustaining function of breathing. While some exposures such as alcohol and drugs of abuse are well-known to alter respiratory function, few studies have evaluated other common maternal environmental stimuli, such as maternal infection, inhalation of diesel exhaust particles prevalent in urban areas, or ob...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 24, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Arterial blood gas analysis utility in predicting lung injury in blunt chest trauma
Conclusionour study demonstrates that the combination of different arterial blood gas analysis variables may be a fast approach for identifying patients with lung injury in the setting of blunt chest trauma in the Emergency Department. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 21, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Relationship between the activity of the genioglossus, other peri-pharyngeal muscles and flow mechanics during wakefulness and sleep in patients with OSA and healthy subjects
ConclusionsWe conclude that sleep-induced reduction in AD response to airway obstruction cannot completely explain the failure of upper airway dilators to maintain pharyngeal patency. We speculate that reduction in dilator muscle efficacy may be due to the alterations in motor units recruitment patterns during sleep. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 21, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The Use of Cognitive Mobile Games to Assess the Interaction of Cognitive Function and Breath-Hold
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2019Source: Respiratory Physiology & NeurobiologyAuthor(s): O. Van Hove, A. Van Muylem, V. Andrianopoulos, D. Leduc, V. Feipel, G. Deboeck, B. BonnechèreAbstractThe relationship between cognitive function and breath-holding time is in need of further investigation. We aim to determine whether cognitive mobile games (CMG) are sensitive enough to assess the link between cognition and breath-holding time in non-trained subjects. Thirty-one healthy subjects participated in this study. A set of 3 short CMG: Must Sort (response control), Rush Back (attention, working memory) and Tru...
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 6, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Vagotomy influences the lung response to adrenergic agonists and muscarinic antagonists
In conclusion, the vagus nerve modulates the lung function in response to bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation, as well as lung architecture of mice. (Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology)
Source: Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology - December 5, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research