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Low penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid. The role of inhaled antibiotics in patients with bronchiectasis
Publication date: February 2020Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Volume 60Author(s): Theodoros Karampitsakos, Ourania Papaioannou, Maria Kaponi, Andreana Kozanidou, Georgios Hillas, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Demosthenes Bouros, Katerina DimakouAbstractPlasma drug concentrations, spectrum of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) had been widely considered as markers of the efficacy of antibiotics. Nonetheless, in several cases, antibiotics characterized by all these features were ineffective for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. A typical paradigm represented the case of pa...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - January 7, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Low penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid. Experience from the use of inhaled antibiotics in patients with non CF-bronchiectasis
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Theodoros Karampitsakos, Ourania Papaioannou, Maria Kaponi, Andreana Kozanidou, Georgios Hillas, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Demosthenes Bouros, Katerina DimakouAbstractPlasma drug concentrations, spectrum of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) had been widely considered as markers of the efficacy of antibiotics. Nonetheless, in several cases, antibiotics characterized by all these features were ineffective for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. A typical paradigm represented the c...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 30, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The small quinolone derived compound HT61 enhances the effect of tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo
In this study, we investigated the individual antimicrobial activity of HT61 alongside its capability to increase the efficacy of tobramycin against both a tobramycin sensitive laboratory reference strain (PAO1) and tobramycin resistant clinical isolates (RP73, NN2) of the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Using broth microdilution methods, the MICs of HT61 against all strains were assessed, as well as the effect of HT61 in combination with tobramycin using both the chequerboard method and bacterial time-kill assays. A murine model of pulmonary infection was also used to evaluate the combinatio...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 28, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

A long-term clinical trial on the efficacy and safety profile of doxofylline in Asthma: The LESDA study
Publication date: Available online 26 December 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Luigino Calzetta, Maria Gabriella Matera, Marc F. Goldstein, William R. Fairweather, William W. Howard, Mario Cazzola, Paola RoglianiAbstractDoxofylline, an oral methylxanthine with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities, offers a promising alternative to theophylline due to its superior efficacy/safety profile. No long-term studies on the efficacy and safety on doxofylline are currently available in asthma. The aim of the Long-term clinical trial on the Efficacy and Safety profile of Doxofylline in Asthma (L...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 27, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Prospective evaluation for inhalation devices in greek patients with COPD and asthma: The PAIR study
ConclusionFSI-10 questionnaire had good test-retest reliability and thus can be used in the follow-up of patients with COPD, asthma and ACO. All DPIs were highly acceptable among all study groups. Elpenhaler® achieved significantly higher ratings than Diskus™ and Turbuhaler® in FSI-10 score and presented higher preference among patients with obstructive lung diseases. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 25, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Lung cancer in patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. A retrospective multicenter study in Greece
ConclusionsIPF is a risk factor for lung cancer development. In line with current literature, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype in patients with IPF. Large randomized controlled studies on the management of patients with IPF and lung cancer are sorely needed. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 24, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Efficacy of once-daily tiotropium Respimat in adults with asthma at GINA Steps 2–5
In conclusion, Tiotropium Respimat add-on therapy improves lung function, and may improve asthma control, in adults across disease severities.Graphical abstract (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 24, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Treatment response according to small airways disease status: The effects of high-strength extrafine pMDI beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate in fixed dose combination in moderate uncontrolled asthmatic patients
ConclusionsOur preliminary results support the use of high-strength extrafine pMDI BDP/FF (200/6 μg) as phenotype driven treatment directed to small airways dysfunction demonstrating an increase of clinical efficacy in moderate asthmatics with SAP. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 20, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Impact of Azathioprine use in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis patients
ConclusionsThis is the first study identifying an improvement in lung function (FVC) of CHP patients on AZA treatment for 2 years. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and to more adequately select CHP patients who may benefit from AZA. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 18, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Biologics and Bronchial Thermoplasty for severe refractory asthma treatment: From eligibility criteria to real practice. A cross-sectional study
This study confirmed how the identification of inflammatory endotypes and phenotypes represent a key role in the selection of the right therapy for the right patient. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 17, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

FEV1 recovery following methacholine challenge in asthma: Variability and comparison of methods
ConclusionMaximum reduction in FEV1 had the lowest variability. There was little difference between repetitions of the same methodology, as indicated by overlapping confidence intervals. There was a trend towards faster recovery following bolus challenge than with the incremental challenge. The results of this trial could be of value when designing future clinical trials using the methacholine challenge methodology. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 15, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The role of increased red cell distribution width as a negative prognostic marker in patients with COPD
ConclusionPatients with COPD in need of LTOT, NIMV or patients with previous hospitalizations presented with increased RDW values. Increased RDW values could serve as a negative prognostic marker in patients with COPD. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 15, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

The leukotriene receptor antagonist Montelukast can induce adverse skin reactions in asthmatic patients
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology & TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Eleonora Di Salvo, Vincenzo Patella, Marco Casciaro, Sebastiano GangemiAbstractMontelukast the leukotriene receptor antagonist is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes bronchodilation and for this reason it is used to improve inflammatory states in asthma and allergic rhinitis. Montelukast is generally considered a safe drug with the occurrence of a few adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and anti-leucotrienes are usually well-tolerated by adults and young patients. Starting from these premises the purpose of this review is...
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 11, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Pharmacokinetics of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler formulated using co-suspension delivery technology after single and chronic dosing in patients with COPD
ConclusionsSteady-state PK parameters of budesonide, glycopyrronium, and formoterol were similar after 7 days’ dosing in the phase I PK study and after 24 weeks in the KRONOS PK sub-study. Systemic exposure to budesonide, glycopyrronium, and formoterol was generally comparable across treatments in the KRONOS PK sub-study, suggesting no meaningful drug–drug or within-formulation PK interactions. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 10, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research

Zileuton use and phenotypic features in asthma
ConclusionIn this retrospective study, zileuton response varies across asthmatics, with poorer response rates being associated with those with severe asthma and possibly obesity. (Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Source: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - December 10, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research