In vitro Proinflammatory Gene Expression Predicts in vivo Telomere Shortening: A Preliminary Study
Chronic psychological stress contributes to major diseases, including depression, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, and autoimmune diseases (Cohen et al., 2007). While detailed mechanisms of how chronic stress leads to increased risks for these various diseases are multiple, complex and still incomplete, a common underlying cause is chronic inflammation (Libby, 2007; Tracy, 2003). Clearly, acute and chronic stress have different effects. An elevated inflammatory response to acute stress leads to enhanced immunity, however, chronic stress is associated with impaired immune function with concomitant low-grade, unresol...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jue Lin, Jie Sun, Stephanie Wang, Jeffrey M. Milush, Chris A.R. Baker, Michael Coccia, Rita B. Effros, Eli Puterman, Elizabeth Blackburn, Aric A. Prather, Elissa Epel Source Type: research
Polymorphic variation in the SLC5A7 gene influences infant autonomic reactivity and self-regulation: A neurobiological model for ANS stress responsivity and infant temperament
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the earliest developing stress response systems, with evidence of reactivity even in utero. (Monk et al., 2000) ANS reactivity indexes an individual ’s adaptability to the environment and reactivity patterns are differentially associated with risks for both physical and mental illness across the life span. (Boyce and Ellis, 2005; Graziano and Derefinko, 2013; Porges, 2007; Porges and Furman, 2011) The ANS response to environmental stimuli is b alanced by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 25, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christopher W. Jones, Sarah A.O. Gray, Katherine P. Theall, Stacy S. Drury Source Type: research
Alterations in the Metabolism of Tryptophan in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Six Months after Pegylated Interferon- α 2a Treatment
Pegylated interferon alfa (PEG-IFN- α) associated with ribavirin (RBV) has been the standard of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection in the last two decades. The main problem of the PEG-IFN-α / RBV therapy, though, is the occurrence of many side effects. Most of them appear after 12 weeks of therapy and could ther efore be avoided by a shorter duration of treatment. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, however, often appear as early as after two weeks of treatment (Leutscher et al., 2010). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tomasz Pawlowski, Krzysztof Malyszczak, Ma łgorzata Inglot, Małgorzata Zalewska, Marek Radkowski, Tomasz Laskus, Dariusz Pawlak Source Type: research
Interactive effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and chronic stress in adulthood on anxiety-like behavior and central stress-related receptor mRNA expression: sex- and time-dependent effects
Children and adults prenatally exposed to alcohol show higher rates of mental health problems than unexposed individuals, with depression and anxiety being among the more commonly encountered disorders (Famy et al., 1998; O ’Connor and Paley, 2009; Pei et al., 2011). Previous studies in rats showed that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can indeed increase depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood (Brocardo et al., 2012; Cullen et al., 2013; Hofmann et al., 2005; Varlinskaya and Mooney, 2014; Wilcoxon et al., 2005). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 23, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vivian Y.Y. Lam, Charlis Raineki, Linda Ellis, Wayne Yu, Joanne Weinberg Source Type: research
Increased plasma Interleukin-1 β level is associated with memory deficits in type 2 diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment
The prevalence of chronic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased significantly over the past decades and poses a significant threat to the health. Several researches have reported that T2DM patients exhibit an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly memory impairment (Cheng et al., 2012; Gorska-Ciebiada et al., 2014; van Bussel et al., 2015). MCI, a transitional stage between normal cognition and Alzheimer disease (AD) (Mariani et al., 2007), has caused concern because of the high conversion from MCI to AD at a rate of 10% to 15% per year (Janoutova et al., 2015). (Source: Ps...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sai Tian, Rong Huang, Jing Han, Rongrong Cai, Dan Guo, Hongyan Lin, Jiaqi Wang, Shaohua Wang Source Type: research
Stress induced cortisol release and schizotypy - the importance of cognitive slippage and neuroticism
In March, Walter et al. (2018) published much-needed findings on schizotypy-influences on stress- and cortisol- response using a social-evaluative stressor. Their findings showed no effect of schizotypy on perceived stress, but blunted cortisol-responses in highly schizotypal individuals. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Phillip Grant, Juergen Hennig Source Type: research
Maternal high fat diet alters offspring epigenetic regulators, amygdala glutamatergic profile and anxiety
The “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD) hypothesis posits that the maternal environment during the prenatal and perinatal period can program offspring vulnerability to a host of long-term health consequences. Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in offspring development both in utero, and during critical periods of growth after birth; and growing evidence indicates a link between maternal obesity and offspring risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive deficits. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kelly A. Glendining, Lorryn C. Fisher, Christine L. Jasoni Source Type: research
HIV and Symptoms of Depression are Independently Associated with Impaired Glucocorticoid Signaling
Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have dramatically increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH); however, PLWH still suffer from inflammation-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, cancer, and dementia at higher rates and at younger ages than uninfected individuals (Nemeth et al 2015, Valdez et al 2016). Although it has been established that persistent immune activation and inflammation contribute to non-AIDS pathologies in PLWH who are on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) (Hunt 2012), the factors contributing to sustained inflammation in otherwise healthy PLWH h...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mandakh Bekhbat, C. Christina Mehta, Sean D. Kelly, Aimee Vester, Igho Ofotokun, Jennifer Felger, Gina Wingood, Kathryn Anastos, Deborah R. Gustafson, Seble Kassaye, Joel Milam, Brad Aouizerat, Kathleen Weber, Elizabeth T. Golub, Michelle Floris Moore, Ra Source Type: research
Sex differences in the effects of acute stress on behavior in the ultimatum game
Stress is a universal human phenomenon that has been studied for almost a century. First described as an unspecified response to harmful stimuli, the original conception of stress focused primarily on physical stressors such as heat, cold and threats within the physical environment (Seyle, 1956). However, since then a large body of literature has accumulated exploring psychosocial stress triggered by the cognitive appraisal of situations. Regardless of its trigger, stress is known to cause physiological, psychological and behavioral consequences that have been primarily defined as the ‘flight or fight response’: The st...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 14, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Farid F. Youssef, Raecho Bachew, Satyavi Bissessar, Molly J. Crockett, Nadira S. Faber Source Type: research
Positive and Negative Social Support and HPA-axis Hyperactivity: Evidence from Glucocorticoids in Human Hair
Social support can be defined as the social resources perceived by individuals to be available to them as well as those that are actually provided in the context of helping relationships (Gottlieb and Bergen, 2010). There is convincing evidence that social support is a crucial factor in the maintenance of health and an essential component of human wellbeing (Cohen et al., 2000; Uchino, 2006). Several prospective studies have demonstrated how both functional and structural aspects of social support can affect morbidity and mortality from a wide range of diseases (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010). (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Eleonora Iob, Clemens Kirschbaum, Andrew Steptoe Source Type: research
The slope of cortisol from awakening to 30 min post-wake in post-institutionalized children and early adolescents
Adverse care early in life has been shown to influence the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in animal models. In rat and mouse pups, maternal separation (Levine, 2005) and manipulations that affect maternal behavior (Ivy et al., 2008) alter reactivity of the HPA axis. In non-human primates, lack of maternal care (i.e., nursery rearing) early in life relates to low basal cortisol levels and blunted reactivity (Capitanio et al., 2005). These data, among other studies, indicate that social experiences early in life have marked effects on the development of this neuroendocrine system (Sanchez et al....
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Keira B. Leneman, Bonny Donzella, Christopher D. Desjardins, Bradley S. Miller, Megan R. Gunnar Source Type: research
The Slope of Cortisol from Awakening to 30 Minutes Post-Wake in Post-Institutionalized Children and Early Adolescents
Adverse care early in life has been shown to influence the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in animal models. In rat and mouse pups, maternal separation (Levine, 2005) and manipulations that affect maternal behavior (Ivy et al., 2008) alter reactivity of the HPA axis. In non-human primates, lack of maternal care (i.e., nursery rearing) early in life relates to low basal cortisol levels and blunted reactivity (Capitanio et al., 2005). These data, among other studies, indicate that social experiences early in life have marked effects on the development of this neuroendocrine system (Sanchez et al....
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 11, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Keira B. Leneman, Bonny Donzella, Christopher D. Desjardins, Bradley S. Miller, Megan R. Gunnar Source Type: research
An effort expenditure perspective on cancer-related fatigue
Fatigue is the most common, debilitating side effect of cancer and cancer-treatment. Up to 99% of patients report some fatigue during cancer therapy (Servaes et al., 2002) and between 44% and 66% report moderate to severe fatigue (de Jong et al., 2004; Servaes et al., 2002). Although fatigue usually abates after cessation of cancer therapy, it becomes chronic in 22 to 39% of cancer survivors (Goedendorp et al., 2013). Severe fatigue affects quality of life by hampering daily activities and interfering with return to work. (Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology)
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tamara E. Lacourt, Elisabeth G. Vichaya, Carmen Escalante, Ellen F. Manzullo, Brandon Gunn, Kenneth R. Hess, Cobi J. Heijnen, Robert Dantzer Source Type: research
Learning to actively cope with stress in female mice
Mood and anxiety disorders occur more often in women than men (Bale and Epperson, 2015). Stress triggers or exacerbates these disorders and various psychotherapies have been designed to enhance stress coping skills. Exposure psychotherapies train people to imagine a graded series of stressful situations and then encourage direct interaction with relevant stressors in vivo (McNally, 2007). Stress exposure is likewise a feature of stress inoculation training for people who work in conditions where performance in the face of adversity is required, e.g., medical and military personnel, police, firefighters, and rescue workers ...
Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 9, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: David M. Lyons, Christine L. Buckmaster, Alan F. Schatzberg Source Type: research
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Source: Psychoneuroendocrinology - June 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
