Vitamin D supplementation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Vitamin D receptors and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are common in the central nervous system and are involved in the brain at many levels and functions. In animal studies, vitamin D has been shown to promote gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase gene expression, thereby stimulating the formation of glutathione, the most important antioxidant in the brain (Garcion et al., 1999). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Flavia di Michele Source Type: research
DNA methylation and gene expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 in patients with Deficit and Non-Deficit Schizophrenia
Deficit schizophrenia (DS) has been discovered more than two decades ago and is characterized by the presence of primary and persistent negative symptoms (Carpenter et al., 1988). Over the years, emerging data has suggested that, DS differ from non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS) in terms of risk factors, premorbid functioning, disease course, neurobiological correlates and response to treatment (Kirkpatrick et al., 2001, 2008, 2014; Galderisi et al., 2009). To date, it has become clear that DS represent a separate disease entity of schizophrenia with respect to NDS (Carpenter et al., 1988; Blanchard et al., 2005; Ahme...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chao Zhou, Jiu Chen, Xiaowei Tang, Xiaotang Feng, Miao Yu, Weiwei Sha, Xiang Wang, Xiaobin Zhang, Hongwei Yi, Xiangrong Zhang Source Type: research
Toward a transdiagnostic tool to evaluate depressive symptoms across mental disorders: validation of the Calgary Depression Rating Scale in patients with major depressive disorder
Depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia are very prevalent and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality (Andrianarisoa et al., 2017). However, the evaluation of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia needs specific tools to disentangle the overlap between depressive symptoms and negative and extrapyramidal symptoms (Collins et al., 1996; Goldman et al., 1992). Thus, the Calgary Depression Rating Scale (CDSS) was developed (Addington et al., 1992; Addington et al., 1990). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi, M élanie Faugere, Sebastien Weibel, Catherine Faget, Christophe Lancon, Raphaëlle Richieri, Michel Cermolacce Source Type: research
The impact of trauma exposure on the development of PTSD and psychological distress in a volunteer fire service
Emergency service workers (ESWs), such as police officers, firefighters, and paramedics, perform a vital role in protecting society by upholding the rule of law, ensuring our safety, and providing assistance in emergencies. However, their work comes at a personal cost, with the repeated trauma exposure creating a substantial burden of mental health problems (McFarlane and Bryant, 2007). A recent meta-analysis of 28 studies estimated that 10% of ESWs worldwide currently suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Berger, Coutinho, Figueira, Marques-Portella, Luz, Neylan et al., 2012); a prevalence far in excess...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Josie Milligan-Saville, Isabella Choi, Mark Deady, Paul Scott, Leona Tan, Rafael A. Calvo, Richard A. Bryant, Nicholas Glozier, Samuel B. Harvey Source Type: research
Functional remission in schizophrenia: a FROGS-based definition and its convergent validity
Schizophrenia has large functional impact, as only 17.1% of patients treated for the first time are able to achieve recovery of symptoms, functioning and subjective wellbeing after three years (Lambert et al., 2008). Functional remission more precisely concerns only a third of treated patients who developed symptomatic remission (Bobes et al., 2009; Lambert et al., 2006; San et al., 2007; Wunderink et al., 2009). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 3, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: P Gorwood, J Mallet, S Lancrenon Source Type: research
Factors related to metabolic parameters in medicated patients with major depressive disorder - a naturalistic study
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major mental illness that caused individuals and society's burden because of its chronic disability course (Burcusa and Iacono, 2007; World Health Organization, 2008; Sheehan et al., 2017). Not only disease itself, pharmacological and psychosocial treatment must consider coexisting physical condition, because it may influence prognosis and design of individual's treatment program. Metabolic syndrome is characterized with abdominal obesity, abnormal blood pressure, impaire d glucose metabolism and lipid profile (Wu et al., 2010). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Chia-Jung Lee, Lan-Ting Lee, Hsin Chun Tsai, Wei Hung Chang, I Hui Lee, Kao Chin Chen, Hui Hua Chang, Po See Chen, Yen Kuang Yang Source Type: research
Non-monotonic temporal variation in fearlessness about death: A latent class growth analysis
At the forefront of theory-driven suicide research is the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS; Joiner, 2005; VanOrden et al., 2010). The IPTS proposes that the desire for suicide is etiologically distinct from capability for suicide (Van Orden et al., 2010). That is, though the synergistic relationship between the two interpersonal constructs (i.e., thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) is proposed to result in suicidal desire, the IPTS hypothesizes that capability for suicide develops separately through exposure to painful and provocative events (PPEs), which results in habituation to the fe...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kelly L. Zuromski, Ian Cero, Tracy K. Witte Source Type: research
Tell about yourself to improve your autobiographical memory: a study of Korsakoff's syndrome
Autobiographical memory refers to personal knowledge that encompasses both specific episodic and conceptual self-related information (Conway, 2005; Rubin, 2005). Autobiographical memory has been intimately linked with the self and identity, a link that can be illustrated with the model of Self Memory System (Conway, 2005). According to this model, autobiographical memory is fundamental to the formation and maintenance of identity in the present moment and to its continuity over time. The Self Memory System proposes that the conceptual self, a structure encompassing general factual and evaluative knowledge of one's identity...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Mohamad El Haj, Marie Charlotte Gandolphe, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Jean-Louis Nandrino Source Type: research
Attachment and Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms: The Role of Mentalization
Medically unexplained somatic symptoms (MUSS) are defined as physical symptoms with an as-of-yet unidentified organic cause and/or a maladaptive reaction to organic physical symptoms lasting for at least 3 months and leading to a loss of function (APA, 2013). Patients with MUSS often suffer from multiple interrelated symptoms. These individuals feel restless and ill, and they experience disruptions to their daily functioning, prolonged periods of absence at work, chronic disabilities, and a reduced quality of life (Hoedeman et al. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Madelon M.E. Riem, Emmy N.E.M. Doed ée, Suzanne C. Broekhuizen-Dijksman, Eugenie Beijer Source Type: research
Interrelations among negative core beliefs, attachment anxiety and low self-directedness, putative central constructs of depression vulnerabilities in cognitive, attachment and psychobiological personality theories
According to Beck's cognitive model of depression (Clark et al., 1999), firstly negative core beliefs are formed in early life as a result of negative interactions with significant others. These core beliefs refer to self-deficiencies in basic issues for humans such as survival and attachment, and are expressed in brief and definite statements such as “I am helpless” and “I am unlovable”. Negative core beliefs give rise to negative self-schemas or dysfunctional attitudes in the forms of conditional rules, imperative statements or compensatory beliefs. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Koichi Otani, Akihito Suzuki, Yoshihiko Matsumoto, Toshinori Shirata Source Type: research
Correlates of neurocognitive functions in individuals at Ultra-High Risk for psychosis - A 6-month follow-up study.
Cognitive impairments are recognized among core features of schizophrenia and are reported as one of the strongest predictors of functioning in patients with schizophrenia. It is noted that they are already present at early stages of psychosis, such as ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) (Bang et al., 2015; Comparelli et al., 2013; Keefe et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2015) and first-episode psychosis (FEP) (Corigliano et al., 2014). A recent meta-analysis reported that UHR individuals show neurocognitive deficits in terms of attention/vigilance, verbal learning, visual learning, social cognition, speed of processing, current I...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Kenji Sanada, Sonia Ruiz de Az úa, Shinichiro Nakajima, Susana Alberich, Amaia Ugarte, Jone Zugasti, Patricia Vega, Mónica Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, Ana González-Pinto Source Type: research
Spanish translation and analysis of the metric properties of inpatient satisfaction scale in psychiatry: the Satispsy-22-E
To date, the tools to assess health-care provider outcomes have usually been designed from the clinicians ’ perspective. However, user perceptions are recently and progressively becoming of increasing interest, particularly if we consider the degree to which such opinions may differ from those of professionals (Epstein et al., 1996; Nair et al., 2002; De las Cuevas et al., 2012; Grime et al., 2007 ). Therefore, user perceptions have become a relevant measure in the evaluation and improvement of quality in health care (Hendriks et al., 2001; Gonzalez et al., 2005; van Campen et al., 1995; Paludetto et al., 2015). ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 27, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: VM Fr ías, F Colom, A Bulbena, R Aceña, A Prat de Sava, XY Zendjidjian, V Perez-Sola Source Type: research
Letter to the Editor: A comment on Borrione et al.
I read with interest a recent article in Psychiatry Research on the probable association between heart rate variability and depressive symptoms by Borrione et al. (2018). This was a cross-sectional study of 118 participants, mostly women, with a focus on heart rate variability and its relationship with several single items on the MADRS and HAM-D rating scales. The authors’ conclusion that “increased LF/HF ratio was predicted by melancholic symp toms” deserves a closer look. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Abigail Ortiz Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Prevalence and factors associated with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a community sample of young adult women
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) was recently moved to a full diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This disorder is characterized by psychological and physical symptoms, such as depressive mood, anger, irritability, lack of interest, and internal tension. The symptoms often occur in the final week before menstruation, reducing durin g the menstruation, and minimum or absent symptoms are observed in the week after the menstruation. It is important to highlight that these symptoms have negative effects on work, school, or social activities (Diagnostic and Statistic...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adriana Bezerra de Carvalho, Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso, Tha íse Campos Mondin, Ricardo Azevedo da Silva, Luciano Dias de Mattos Souza, Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães, Karen Jansen Source Type: research
Intact Perception of Coherent Motion, Dynamic Rigid Form, and Biological Motion in Chronic Schizophrenia
Visual perception is altered in schizophrenia. One-quarter of patients endorse full-fledged visual hallucinations (Waters et al., 2014) and 60% report more subtle visual perceptual disturbances (Keane et al., 2018; Phillipson& Harris, 1985). Robust psychophysical deficits have been documented for visual processes ranging from low-level tasks such as contrast sensitivity (Slaghuis, 1998) and backward masking (Green et al., 2011) to middle-level tasks including contour integration and shape completion (Keane et al., 2014; Spencer et al., 2004), to high-level tasks such as affect recognition (Gaebel and Wölwer, 1...
Source: Psychiatry Research - June 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Brian P. Keane, Yujia Peng, Docia Demmin, Steve M. Silverstein, Hongjing Lu Source Type: research
