The relationship between theory of mind deficits and neurocognition in first episode-psychosis
Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive ability of inferring intentions, and beliefs that oneself and others hold (Premack, 1978). ToM deficits have been suggested as a key cognitive aspect of schizophrenia (Frith, 1992). Actually, a large body of research confirms that ToM is disrupted in patients with schizophrenia (Brune, 2005). Moreover, these deficits seem to be independent of other deficits in executive functio ning or general neurocognitive impairments (van Hooren et al., 2008). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 22, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ana Catalan, Virxinia Angosto, Aida D íaz, Nuria Martínez, David Guede, Maite Pereda, Arantza Madrazo, Sonia Bustamante, Amaia Bilbao, Luis Osa, Lucía Inchausti, Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Torres Source Type: research
A Data Science Approach to Predicting Patient Aggressive Events in a Psychiatric Hospital
Patient aggression in mental health care settings presents an ongoing challenge to healthcare organizations and practitioners. Aggression can result in physical and psychological trauma to other patients, staff, and visitors. The sequelae of aggressive incidents can include a variety of problems including utilization costs, increased staffing needs (e.g., isolation, individual observation), loss of staff time due to injury, and staff morale and turnover (Al-Sagarat et al., 2016; Lanctôt and Guay, 2014). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Robert Suchting, Charles E. Green, Stephen M. Glazier, Scott D. Lane Source Type: research
Childhood Maltreatment Profiles among Incarcerated Chinese Males and Their Associations with Personality Disorder Symptoms and Criminal Behaviors
Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) (e.g., domestic violence, parental substance use and incarceration) are associated with a wide variety of negative outcomes, such as low educational attainment and employment performance (Bellis et al., 2014), poor physical health (Baglivio et al., 2016; Flaherty et al., 2013), and mental health problems (e.g., Aebi et al., 2015). Early ACE has lasting impact on individual long-term development into adolescence and adulthood (Baglivio et al., 2015; Craig et al., 2017; Danese and Mc Ewen, 2012). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 20, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jieting Zhang, Yao Zheng Source Type: research
Sleep and circadian rhythm function and trait impulsivity: an actigraphy study
Impulsivity is a multidimensional trait of transdiagnostic importance across several psychiatric conditions. Multiple behavioural aspects are captured by the trait, including patterns of decreased inhibitory control, intolerance towards delayed gratification, non-planning of actions and lack of foresight for negative outcomes (Winstanley et al., 2006; Gullo et al., 2014). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Niall M. McGowan, Andrew N. Coogan Source Type: research
A genome-wide pathway enrichment analysis identifies brain region related biological pathways associated with intelligence
Intelligence is an important quantitative trait associated with human cognitive ability. The genetic basis of intelligence remains unclear now. Utilizing the latest chromosomal enhancer maps of brain regions, we explored brain region related biological pathways associated with intelligence. Summary data was derived from a large scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of human, involving 78,308 unrelated individuals from 13 cohorts. The chromosomal enhancer maps of 8 brain regions were then aligned with the GWAS summary data to obtain the association testing results of enhancer regions for intelligence. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Yanan Du, Yujie Ning, Yan Wen, Li Liu, Xiao Liang, Ping Li, Miao Ding, Yan Zhao, Bolun Cheng, Mei Ma, Lu Zhang, Shiqiang Cheng, Wenxing Yu, Shouye Hu, Xiong Guo, Feng Zhang Source Type: research
Encoding deficits in low-educated individuals with non-amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Analysis of memory processes using the Item Specific Deficit Approach
Pure Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology has been recognized as the most frequent underlying pathology in non-amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (naMCI) (Schneider et al., 2009). Supporting this data, Dugger et al. (2015) found that neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques and Lewy Bodies loads were similar in persons with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and naMCI, with the temporal lobe showing a differential propensity of neurofibrillary tangles for aMCI and of L ewy-type alpha-synucleinopathy for naMCI. Conversely, naMCI has been associated with cerebrovascular disease more often than aMCI (Hughes et al., 2011), and it has ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Javier Oltra-Cucarella, Sandra Delgado, Pablo Duque, Jos é Antonio Pérez-Vicente, Luís Cabello-Rodríguez Source Type: research
First report on the association of SCN1A mutation, childhood schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder without epilepsy
Since the 1990 ’s ion channel genes have been identified and mutations in these genes have been reported in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Voltage-gated sodium channels are important for generation and propagation of signals, while three genes (SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A) are highly expressed in neurons and glia (I mbirici et al, 2013). SCN1A gene with other genes form a 1.4-Mb SCN cluster on chromosome 2q24.3. Several reports indicate that mutations of the SCN1A gene are responsible for certain epilepsy syndromes (Dravet-syndrome being the most relevant Wolf et al, 2006), that are associated with cognit ive dysfuncti...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ren áta Papp-Hertelendi, Tamás Tényi, Kinga Hadzsiev, Lídia Hau, Zsuzsanna Benyus, Györgyi Csábi Source Type: research
Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Fear of Missing Out: Friend Support Moderated the Mediating Effect of Individual Relative Deprivation
Mobile devices have become a basic necessity in people's lives owing to convenience and ease of use. However, mobile device use is also associated with problematic experiences, including “fear of missing out” (FOMO) (e.g., Chotpitayasunondh and Douglas, 2016; Hoffner et al., 2016). FOMO is a pervasive apprehension that others might benefit from rewarding experiences from which one was absent (Przybylski et al., 2013). Such fears may lead to people to feel they cannot say “no” to anything, even when overextended (Hanlon, 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Xiaochun Xie, Yuhui Wang, Pengcheng Wang, Fengqing Zhao, Li Lei Source Type: research
Seasonality of depressive symptoms during pregnancy
Antepartum depression is a common and high impact disease, with major impact on both maternal and fetal health, as well as infant development (Steegers et al., 2016; Woody et al., 2017). Women who suffer from antepartum depression are more likely to experience postpartum depression as well (Milgrom et al., 2008). Children who are exposed to maternal depression during pregnancy have a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes, such as prematurity and being small for gestational age, and more often show cognitive, emotional and behavioural problems in childhood, adolescence and adulthood (Grote et al., 2010; Jarde et al., 2016; ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Babette Bais, Nynke de Groot, Nina H. Grootendorst-van Mil, Hanneke W. Harmsen van der Vliet-Torij, Hilmar H. Bijma, Gwen C. Dieleman, Witte J.G. Hoogendijk, Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg, Astrid M. Kamperman Source Type: research
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Suicide Attempts and Suicidal Ideation in U.S. Military Veterans
Death by suicide and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicide attempts, plans, or ideation) are major concerns among veterans (US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2016). While military veterans only comprise 8.5% of the U.S. adult population, they account for a disproportionately high percentage (18%) of deaths by suicide (US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2016). After adjusting for age and gender, risk for suicide is still 21% higher among veterans than civilians (US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2016). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Nathan A. Kimbrel, Melanie E. Garrett, Michelle F. Dennis, VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, Michael A. Hauser, Allison E. Ashley-Koch, Jean C. Beckham Source Type: research
Mentalization and empathy as predictors of in violence in schizophrenic patients: comparison with nonviolent schizophrenic patients, violent controls and nonviolent controls
Although the majority of psychiatric patients never perform any violent or aggressive behaviour and they make up only a small proportion of violent offenders (Husz ár, 2010; O'Reilly et al., 2015; Varshney et al., 2016), the association of major mental disorders and criminality has always been surrounded by high interest and debate. In case of schizophrenia, there is a great variability in the conclusion of studies concerning the risk of violence in subject s with this illness. While some studies suggest that altogether schizophrenia and psychoses per se (i.e. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 16, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zsuliet Kristof, Szilvia Kresznerits, Mate Olah, Agoston Gyollai, Katalin Lukacs-Miszler, Tamas Halmai, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Tamas Tenyi, Peter Dome, Xenia Gonda Source Type: research
The clinical correlates of comorbid anxiety symptoms and syndromal anxiety in patients with major depressive disorder
A growing number of studies based on community and clinical samples have reported that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience a high level of co-occurring anxiety symptoms and/or at least one anxiety disorder. For example, in a European community-based study Braam et al., (2014) reported that up to 86.2% of participants with late life depression endorsed at least three distinct anxiety symptoms (Braam et al., 2014). Fava et al. reported 45.1% ∼ 53.2% of patients with MDD had significant anxiety, recording scores of 7 or above on the Anxiety/Somatization factor of the 17-Item Hamilton Rating Scale for De...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 15, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zhiguo Wu, Lan Cao, Daihui Peng, David Mellor, Chen Zhang, Haozhe Li, Zuowei Wang, Yanyan Song, Chunbo Li, Yiru Fang Source Type: research
Locus of control in US combat veterans: Unique associations with posttraumatic stress disorder 5-factor model symptom clusters
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and often debilitating psychological disorder that develops in roughly 7-8% of individuals after exposure to trauma (Kessler et al., 2005; Kilpatrick et al., 2013). Rates of PTSD are even higher among veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan (Harpaz-Rotem et al., 2011; Ramchand et al., 2010). Moreover, PTSD is a heterogeneous disorder comprised of several factors, each potentially governed by different neurobiologica l underpinnings (e.g., Grupe et al., 2016; Pietrzak et al., 2015; for a review see Sherin and Nemeroff, 2011). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Noelle B. Smith, Lauren M. Sippel, Candice Presseau, David Rozek, Natalie Mota, Charles Gordon, Mark Horvath, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem Source Type: research
The impact of clinical comorbidities and residual depressive symptoms in sleep quality in euthymic/interepisodic bipolar subjects
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric condition that leads to functional disability, poor quality of life, increased suicide risk and reduced life expectancy (Costa et al., 2015; Gitlin and Miklowitz, 2017; Kessing et al, 2015; Xiao et al., 2016). Since classic Kraepelin´s description of manic-depressive insanity to current psychiatric diagnosis criteria, sleep disturbances are typically described during major mood episodes in BD (Kraepelin, 1921; APA, 2013). A recent study showed that reduced sleep need and insomnia are the most frequent disturbances when in mania and both insomnia and hypersomnia are the mos...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 12, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Paulo Rocha, Humberto Correa Source Type: research
Childhood trauma and somatic symptoms among psychiatric outpatients: Investigating the role of shame and guilt
Somatic symptoms are commonly reported by individuals seeking mental health care for psychological distress (Creed and Barsky, 2004). Associated with reduced quality of life (Creed et al., 2012), disability (van der Leeuw et al., 2015), and diminished outcome in psychological treatment (Huijbregts et al., 2013), somatic symptoms can mystify patients and clinicians alike with regards to the identification of contributory factors and treatment objectives (Kirmayer et al., 2004). Indeed, “medically unexplained symptoms”, representing up to one third of primary care complaints, can be persistent, impairing, and associated ...
Source: Psychiatry Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: David Kealy, Simon M. Rice, John S. Ogrodniczuk, Alicia Spidel Source Type: research
