The perception of sub-clinical personality disorders by employers, employees and co-workers.
Both failures and successes of individuals in the workplace have been attributed to the Personality Disorders (PDs). Several studies have proposed that PDs account for a significant proportion of dysfunction in the workplace (Ettner, Maclean and French, 2011; Goldman, 2006), whilst others have suggested that the traits of certain PDs are to some degree associated with some personal workplace success for the individual in certain jobs (Furnham, Trickey and Hyde, 2012; Rosenthal and Pittinsky, 2006; Zibarras, Port and Woods, 2008). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Sophie Harrison, Simmy Grover, Adrian Furnham Source Type: research
yAssociations between olfactory identification and (social) cognitive functioning: a cross-sectional study in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
Schizophrenia patients have difficulties identifying odors (Moberg et al., 2014). The degree of this reduced odor identification (OI) compared to healthy controls has been examined extensively. A meta-analysis by Cohen et al. (2012) showed that OI in schizophrenia is nearly a standard deviation below the mean of controls. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jessica de Nijs, Julia H. Meijer, Lieuwe de Haan, Carin J. Meijer, Richard Bruggeman, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Ren é S. Kahn, Wiepke Cahn Source Type: research
Use of antipsychotic blood levels in clinician decision making: A cross-over study using clinical vignettes of patients with schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by cognitive impairment as well as positive and negative symptoms. Since many patients require lifelong medication treatment, it is essential that patients are exposed to optimal treatment strategies with a balance between efficacy and tolerability (Hasan et al., 2012). During the course of treatment, treatment failures can arise from a number of factors related to patients (poor insight, financial constraints, missed appointments, ignoring and misinterpreting instructions, abrupt termination of treatment), healthcare providers (poor therapeutic r elationship with patients...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Adam Savitz, Rama Melkote, Ralph Riley, Maria A Pobre, Kelly McQuarrie, David Williamson, Benjamin Banderas Source Type: research
The Racially Diverse Affective Expression (RADIATE) Face Stimulus Set
Census data (2010, 2014) show a changing racial and ethnic distribution in the United States (U.S.) from a White, non-Hispanic Caucasian majority to a non-White majority (Colby and Ortman, 2014). It is predicted that by 2020, more than half of the children in the U.S. will be part of a non-White race or ethnic group. Since faces play a major role in communicating emotional and social information, facial expressions are often used as stimuli in psychological research. The number of studies published on face processing has more than tripled over the past decade from 5,000 (Tottenham et al., 2009) to over 15,000 based on a si...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: May I. Conley, Danielle V. Dellarco, Estee Rubien-Thomas, Alexandra O. Cohen, Alessandra Cervera, Nim Tottenham, BJ Casey Source Type: research
De novo Mutations as causes of Schizophrenia
To the Editors (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 18, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Zhenxing Yang, Longkun Li, Miaoxin Li Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
The prevalence of substance-induced psychotic disorder in methamphetamine misusers: a meta-analysis
According to the Global burden of disease study (Degenhardt et al., 2010), 17.2 million people around the globe reported using methamphetamines in the past year. Methamphetamine abuse, a chronic or intensive (large quantities) administration of the drug, is linked to multiple social, and health problems, including mental health disorders (Barr et al., 2 006). Methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder (MIPD) is one of the most studied methamphetamine-linked mental health problem, yet research yields inconsistent results. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tania Lecomte, Alexandre Dumais, Jules R. Dugr é, Stéphane Potvin Source Type: research
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene expression predicts functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Psychosis is frequently preceded by a broad range of clinical symptoms with a marked decline in social and occupational function. (Schultze-Lutter et al., 2015; Schultze-Lutter et al., 2012). Most of the high risk (HR) and ultra-high risk (UHR) studies to date have concentrated mainly on predicting transition to psychosis, but only a few studies have focused on the functional status and outcome of at-risk individuals. A meta-analysis showed th at at-risk individuals had a poor functioning and worse quality of life than healthy controls (Fusar-Poli et al., 2015). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Vinita Jagannath, Miriam Gerstenberg, Susanne Walitza, Maurizia Franscini, Karsten Heekeren, Wulf R össler, Anastasia Theodoridou, Edna Grünblatt Source Type: research
Use of Information and Communication Technologies among Individuals with and without Serious Mental Illness
In recent years, information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as the internet and smartphones have played a unique role in the treatment and management of mental health problems.Innovative technology-based programs have demonstrated utility and promise in the care of patients suffering from autism spectrum disorder (Grynszpan et al., 2014), depression and anxiety (Andrews et al., 2010; Christensen et al., 2004; Griffiths et al., 2010), post-traumatic stress disorder (Sijbrandij et al., 2016),psychotic spectrum disorder (Brunette et al., 2016; Khazaal et al., 2015; Killikelly et al., 2017), stress management (Wins...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ziyad Abu Rahal, LimorVadas, Iris Manor, Boaz Bloch, Avi Avital Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of a Functional Assessment Tool: UCSD Performance-based Skill Assessment (UPSA)
Functional capacity (FC), defined as abilities that are essential to function independently in the community, is one known mediator between neuropsychological ability and real-world functioning (Bowie et al., 2008, 2006). This had led to FC being adopted as a milestone marker in a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions such as Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder (SD), Bipolar Disorder (BD), Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The burden of a disease can be measured in years of non -productive life. (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ana Claudia Becattini-Oliveira, Douglas de Farias Dutra, B árbara Spenciere de Oliveira Campos, Verônica Carvalho de Araujo, Helenice Charchat-Fichman Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Symptomatology long-term evolution after hospitalization for Anorexia Nervosa: Drive for thinness to explain effects of body dissatisfaction on type of outcome
A major feature of patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is body image concerns (Mizes et al., 2004; Probst et al., 2008; Stice and Shaw, 2002; Striegel-Moore et al., 2004), which represent a compulsory diagnosis criteria for AN in the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Body image has been conceptualized as a multifaceted construct which refers to the internalized repr esentation of one's weight, shape and appearance (Mitchell and Peterson, 2005). Two types of body image distortions implicated on AN have been identified (Cash and Deagle, 1997; Skrzypek et al., 2001): a) cognitive distortions, and b) bod...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Christelle Prost-Lehmann, Rebecca Shankland, Lionel Riou Fran ça, Annie Laurent, Valentin Flaudias Source Type: research
Subtle behavioural responses during negative emotion reactivity and down-regulation in bipolar disorder: A facial expression and eye-tracking study
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterised by recurrent affective episodes of mania and depression and high rates of misdiagnosis (Goodwin and Jamison, 2007). Difficulty with emotion regulation is a key feature of BD that contributes to poor psychosocial outcomes and occupational functioning (Aparicio et al., 2017; Van Rheenen and Rossell, 2014). The genetic origins of BD is still unclear, partly due to patho-etiological heterogene ity (Kerner, 2015) and complex gene-environment interactions (Uher, 2014), and thus the pathophysiology of the illness remains elusive (Miskowiak et al., 2016)...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ingrid Broch-Due, Hanne Lie Kj ærstad, Lars Vedel Kessing, Kamilla Miskowiak Source Type: research
Is familial risk for depression confounded by individual and familial socioeconomic factors and neighborhood environmental factors? A 7-year follow-up study in Sweden
Depression is a common mental disorder and the proportion of the global population with depression in 2015 is estimated to be 4.4% (World Health Organization, 2017). Many studies have revealed risk factors related to depression, including socioeconomic factors (e.g., educational attainment and income), physical inactivity, and other health-related factors, e.g., current history of the disease (Tani et al., 2016; Mammen et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2010). It is also important to note that family history of depression is an important risk factor for depression (Levinson, 2006). (Source: Psychiatry Research)
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Tsuyoshi Hamano, Xinjun Li, Sara Larsson L önn, Toru Nabika, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist Source Type: research
Relationship Between Serum Lipid Concentrations and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in the Bereaved After the Sewol Ferry Disaster: A Prospective Cohort Study
Previous studies have reported changes in serum lipid concentrations in patients with mental disorders (Boston, Dursun,& Reveley, 1996). Hypercholesterolemia has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder (Bajwa, Asnis, Sanderson, Irfan,& van Praag, 1992; Jakovljevic, Reiner,& Milicic, 2007). Low concentrations of cholesterol have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder, dissociative disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder (Agargun, et al., 2004; Atmaca, et al., 2002; New, et al., 1999;...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Hyejin Tae, Hyu Jung Huh, Jihyun Hwang, Jeong-Ho Chae Source Type: research
Neurological soft signs as a marker of cognitive impairment severity in people living with HIV
Since the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), there has been a reduction in the incidence of HIV-associated Dementia (HAD), while the prevalence of milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has increased. These mild forms of HAND are frequent conditions experienced by people living with HIV infection (PLWH) and could subsequently lead to HAD (Heaton et al., 2015). These disorders are important to understand, due to the central nervous system's (CNS) role as an HIV reservoir in persons who stay aviremic due to HAART (McArthur and Brew, 2010), and underlines the importance of ear...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Pablo Toro, Mar ía Elena Ceballos, José Pesenti, María Inostroza, Daniela Valenzuela, Fernando Henríquez, Gonzalo Forno, Christina Herold, Johannes Schröder, Jorge Calderón Source Type: research
Objective investigation of activity preference in schizophrenia: A pilot study
Motivation deficits are a critical component of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Foussias and Remington, 2010; Messinger et al., 2011), and have a direct impact on concurrent and longitudinal functional outcome (Fervaha et al., 2015b; Foussias et al., 2011), and potential influence on other important symptomatic features, such as cognition (Fervaha et al., 2014b; Foussias et al., 2015; Strauss et al., 2015). To date, objective task-based investigations in schizophrenia have characterized specific aspects of motivation, particularly aspects of reward processing, such as effort-based decision making (i.e., weighing th...
Source: Psychiatry Research - May 17, 2018 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Ishraq Siddiqui, Gary Remington, Gagan Fervaha, Paul J. Fletcher, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Sarah Saperia, Konstantine K. Zakzanis, George Foussias Source Type: research
