Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Pineal Region Tumors.
Authors: Mathieu D, Iorio-Morin C
Abstract
Pineal region tumors represent a heterogeneous group of different histologic entities, for which the management can be a significant challenge, due to their critical location and frequent aggressive behavior. Traditional management includes surgical resection, fractionated radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is being increasingly used in the treatment of these tumors. It is used as primary therapy for pineocytomas and papillary tumors of the pineal region, as an adjuvant radiation boost in combination with radiation or chemotherapy...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - May 18, 2019 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Photodynamic Therapy of Malignant Gliomas.
Authors: Kaneko S, Fujimoto S, Yamaguchi H, Yamauchi T, Yoshimoto T, Tokuda K
Abstract
Recently, the clinical applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of malignant brain tumors have attracted significant attention. Meta-analysis of the observational studies on this treatment in high-grade gliomas (Eljamel, 2010) included more than 1,000 patients and reported median survival in cases of newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of 16.1 and 10.3 months, respectively. In some series, increase in the long-term survival rates was also observed. Few controlled trials demonst...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Laser-Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy of Gliomas.
Authors: Karampelas I, Sloan AE
Abstract
Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is a modern minimally invasive treatment modality applied for management of a variety of diseases. Recent developments of techniques for precise targeting of the lesion, accurate delivery of the prescribed therapeutically effective thermal doses, and real-time visualization of the induced tissue damage during the procedure by means of intraoperative MR thermometry have stimulated a number of clinical studies testing LITT in cases of different brain pathologies, including gliomas. This modality is particularly attractiv...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Stereotactic Cryodestruction of Gliomas.
Authors: Martynov BV, Kholyavin AI, Nizkovolos VB, Parfenov VE, Trufanov GE, Svistov DV
Abstract
Surgical resection of gliomas affecting functionally important brain structures is associated with high risk of permanent postoperative neurological deficit and deterioration of the patient's quality of life. The availability of modern neuroimaging and neuronavigation permits the application of minimally invasive stereotactic cryodestruction of the tumor in such cases. The authors used this treatment in 88 patients with supratentorial gliomas of various WHO histopathological grades not suitable for microsurgica...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Therapy of Gliomas.
Authors: Alkins RD, Mainprize TG
Abstract
Ultrasound in clinical medicine is most commonly associated with imaging, but can be harnessed to yield an array of biological effects, including thermal ablation of brain tumors. Therapeutic ultrasound has been studied for many years, but only within the last decade has the technology reached a point where it is safe and practical for clinical adoption. Using large, multi-element arrays, ultrasound can be focused through the skull, and combined with MRI for image guidance and real-time thermometry, to create lesions in the brain with millimeter accuracy. Using thi...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy of Malignant Gliomas.
Authors: Miyatake SI, Kawabata S, Hiramatsu R, Kuroiwa T, Suzuki M, Ono K
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising modality for biochemically targeted, highly selective radiation treatment of various cancers, including malignant gliomas. Currently available results demonstrate the beneficial effect of such therapy on survival of patients with both recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastomas. The main drawback of BNCT in cases of previously irradiated neoplasms is high rates of symptomatic pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis. For prevention of these complications, concurrent adminis...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy of Intracranial Gliomas.
Authors: Combs SE
Abstract
In comparison to photon irradiation, particle therapy of cancer performed either with protons or with carbon ions, offers the advantage of their distinct physical characteristics, and through delivery of high linear energy transfer (LET) particles, exploits greater relative biological effectiveness (RBE). There is strong rationale for applying such treatment in patients with intracranial gliomas. In cases of low-grade tumors, the main benefits may be related to potential decrease of long-term morbidity, whereas in cases of high-grade neoplasms, the use of modalities with greater ...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Novel and Prospective Molecular Targets for Therapy of Intracranial Gliomas.
Authors: Butowski N
Abstract
Multiple alterations in the expression levels of genes or proteins have been identified in gliomas, including activation of oncogenes and silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Illuminating these molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and treatment resistance is necessary for the development of new therapies. With the promise of better effectiveness and less toxicity, the emphasis in drug development has moved from cytotoxic, non-specific chemotherapies to molecular targeted agents. However, despite progress in other areas of oncology, targeted therapy success stories in cases of ...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Cytokine Therapy of Gliomas.
Authors: Iwami K, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T
Abstract
Cytokines are a heterogeneous group of soluble small polypeptides or glycoproteins, which exert pleiotropic and redundant effects that promote growth, differentiation, and activation of cells. Cytokine production plays a profound role in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, including the host of heterogeneous neoplastic cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, which is essential for progression of the neoplasm. Depending on specific conditions, the cytokines can either upregulate or downregulate anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activ...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Cell-Based Immunotherapy of Gliomas.
Authors: Everson RG, Antonios JP, Liau LM
Abstract
Current cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies attempt to produce and maintain an immune response against glioma cells by artificially stimulating the immune system using passive and/or active approaches. Cellular immunotherapy is taken to mean the administration of live immune cells that either have immune effector capabilities themselves (passive immunotherapy) or engender a downstream antitumor response (active immunotherapy). Passive cellular immunotherapy most often takes the form of the adoptive transfer of a range of cell types, whereby antitumor i...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Vaccine Therapy of High-Grade Gliomas.
Authors: Ishikawa E, Muragaki Y, Yamamoto T, Ohno T, Matsumura A
Abstract
Multiple phase II clinical trials on the use of tumor vaccines in cases of high-grade gliomas (HGG), in particular autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV), demonstrated the safety and potential efficacy of such therapy. There is evidence that maximal resection of neoplasm provides optimal conditions for enhancement of the tumor-specific immune reactions induced by vaccine administration, and thus aggressive surgery may be an important prerequisite for treatment success. Irradiation and chemotherapy may also enhance the effecti...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Gene Therapy and Virotherapy of Gliomas.
Authors: Kim JW, Chang AL, Kane JR, Young JS, Qiao J, Lesniak MS
Abstract
Despite many recent advances in the management of gliomas, such as aggressive surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and molecular targeted therapy, the survival of patients with high-grade neoplasms remains dismal. Gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy have emerged as highly promising strategies for treatment of malignant brain tumors due to recent progress in understanding of the underlying cancer biology as well as improved techniques for genetic modification of potential therapeutics.
PMID: 299909...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Stem Cell Therapy of Gliomas.
Authors: Parker Kerrigan BC, Hossain A, Yamashita S, Lang FF
Abstract
Stem cells (SC) are the seeds of tissue repair and regeneration that have been extensively investigated as tumor-tropic vectors for gene delivery to solid cancers. SC have an inherent glioma tropism that supports their use as reliable vehicles to deliver therapeutic gene products to brain neoplasms. Several types of adult SC (ASC) have been used to carry antiglioma agents, and neural SC (NSC) and mesenchymal SC (MSC) are the most studied. The therapeutic cargoes that have been tested include secreted proteins, converting enzyme/prodrug s...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Convection-Enhanced Delivery for Management of Malignant Gliomas.
Authors: Prabhu SS
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a novel method of bypassing the blood-brain barrier for administration of therapeutic agents directly into brain with a potential to provide concentrations that cannot be achieved with systemic drug delivery. This technique has grown significantly over the last 20 years with better understanding of the biomechanics of infusion and of the delivery process. Though clinical trials of CED in malignant brain tumors have not yielded the desired results, a number of new biologically active compounds and pharmaceutical preparations, their carriers, ...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
Targeted Local Therapy for Management of Intracranial High-Grade Gliomas.
Authors: Paldor I, Chaichana KL, Brem H, Tyler BM
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy of malignant brain tumors has failed to achieve sufficient drug concentrations at the neoplasm site and frequently results in severe toxicities. Therefore, the local application of several anticancer agents, oncolytic viruses and vectors for gene therapy, immune-modifying preparations, and angiogenesis inhibitors has been investigated widely. Various modes of their administration were introduced, including intratumoral injections, implantation of reservoirs or pumps, convection-enhanced delivery, and use of nanocarriers, therm...
Source: Progress in Neurological Surgery - July 11, 2018 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Prog Neurol Surg Source Type: research
