The highly unnatural fatty acid profile of cells in culture
Publication date: Available online 3 December 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Paul L. ElseAbstractThe fatty acid profile of cells in culture are unlike any natural cell with twice the monounsaturated (MUFA) and half the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of natural cells (Mol%). This is not due to cell lines primarily being derived from cancers but due to limited access to lipid and inability to make PUFA de novo as vertebrate cells. Classic culture methods use media with 10% serum (the only exogenous source of lipid). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), the serum of choice has a low level of lipid and cholesterol c...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - December 4, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2019Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 76Author(s): (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 15, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Eighteen‑carbon trans fatty acids and inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis
Publication date: October 2019Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 76Author(s): Carina A. Valenzuela, Ella J. Baker, Elizabeth A. Miles, Philip C. CalderAbstractEndothelial dysfunction is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by chronic activation of the endothelium, which leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is associated with an increased risk of CVD. This risk is usually associated with industrial TFAs (iTFAs) rather than ruminant TFAs (rTFAs); however it is not clear how specific TFA isomers differ in their biological activity and mechanisms of action with...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 3, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Galectin-3 modulation of T-cell activation: mechanisms of membrane remodelling
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Rebecca C. Gilson, Sachith D. Gunasinghe, Ludger Johannes, Katharina GausAbstractGalectin-3 (Gal3) is a multifaceted protein which belongs to a family of lectins and binds β-galactosides. Gal3 expression is altered in many types of cancer, with increased expression generally associated with poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms remain unknown, Gal3 has been implicated in several biological processes involved in cancer progression, including suppression of T cell-mediated immune responses. Extracellular Gal3 binding to the plas...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - November 2, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Updates to the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway: DHA synthesis rates, tetracosahexaenoic acid and (minimal) retroconversion
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Adam H. Metherel, Richard P. BazinetAbstractN-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the numerous families of lipid mediators derived from them collectively regulate numerous biological processes. The mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA regulate biological processes begins with an understanding of the n-3 biosynthetic pathway that starts with alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and is commonly thought to end with the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). However, our understanding of this pathway is not as complete as previous...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - October 16, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
The lipid metabolism in THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS
We describe the different pathways involved in lipid and fatty acid syntheses, emphasizing their specificity, and we report on the recent efforts aimed to engineer their lipid metabolism. (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 7, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: An updated review
Publication date: Available online 6 September 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Xiaojun Feng, Lei Zhang, Suowen Xu, Ai-zong ShenAbstractATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is an important enzyme linking carbohydrate to lipid metabolism by generating acetyl-CoA from citrate for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Mendelian randomization of large human cohorts has validated ACLY as a promising target for low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering and cardiovascular protection. Among current ACLY inhibitors, Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) is a first-in-class, prodrug-based direct competitive inhibitor of ACLY w...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 7, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: July 2019Source: Progress in Lipid Research, Volume 75Author(s): (Source: Progress in Lipid Research)
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - September 5, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Control of membrane lipid homeostasis by lipid-bilayer associated sensors: A mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Diego de Mendoza, Marc PilonAbstractThe lipid composition of biological membranes is key for cell viability. Nevertheless, and despite their central role in cell function, our understanding of membrane physiology continues to lag behind most other aspects of cell biology. The maintenance of membrane properties in situations of environmental stress requires homeostatic sense-and-response mechanisms. For example, the balance between esterified saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), is a key factor determining lipid pac...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 24, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Biochemistry of very-long-chain and long-chain ceramides in cystic fibrosis and other diseases: The importance of side chain
Publication date: Available online 21 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Dušan Garić, Juan B. De Sanctis, Juhi Shah, Daciana Catalina Dumut, Danuta RadziochAbstractCeramides, the principal building blocks of all sphingolipids, have attracted the attention of many scientists around the world interested in developing treatments for cystic fibrosis, the most common genetic disease of Caucasians. Many years of fruitful research in this field have produced some fundamentally important, yet controversial results.Here, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the role of long- and very-long- chain cer...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties
Publication date: Available online 22 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): A.C. Carreira, T.C. Santos, M.A. Lone, E. Zupančič, E. Lloyd-Evans, R.F.M. de Almeida, T. Hornemann, L.C. SilvaAbstractSphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules and have been associated with numerous biological and physio...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate in adipose dysfunction
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Zijian Fang, Susan Pyne, Nigel J. PyneAbstractThe increased adipose tissue mass of obese individuals enhances the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. During pathological expansion of adipose tissue, multiple molecular controls of lipid storage, adipocyte turn-over and endocrine secretion are perturbed and abnormal lipid metabolism results in a distinct lipid profile. There is a role for ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in inducing adipose dysfunction. For instance, the alteration of ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Lipidomic studies of membrane glycerolipids in plant leaves under heat stress
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Yasuhiro Higashi, Kazuki SaitoAbstractEnvironmental stresses cause membrane damage in terrestrial plants. Studies on the lipids obtained from these plants are required to understand their adaptation to climate change. Recently, a number of plant leaf lipidomic studies converged on the topic of chloroplastic glycerolipid remodeling and triacylglycerol production. In this review, we show that among various abiotic stresses, plant leaves under heat stress specifically increase the levels of galactolipids containing linoleate (18:2) i...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Ceramide synthases in cancer therapy and chemoresistance
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Sebastian Brachtendorf, Khadija El-Hindi, Sabine GröschAbstractDrug resistance is one major reason for failure of cancer therapy. In the past 10 years, evidence emerged showing that ceramides of specific chain length, generated by six different ceramide synthases (CerS), are deregulated in different cancer types thereby influencing chemosensitivity. In this review we sum up the cellular mechanisms regulated by CerS and the respective ceramides of specific chain length contributing to chemoresistance and how we can interfere with ...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
Health benefits of dietary marine DHA/EPA-enriched glycerophospholipids
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019Source: Progress in Lipid ResearchAuthor(s): Tian-Tian Zhang, Jie Xu, Yu-Ming Wang, Chang-Hu XueAbstractA typical feature of marine foods is that they are rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which have formed a large-scale global industry. DHA/EPA phospholipids (PLs) are ubiquitous in marine foods and are the main DHA/EPA molecular forms in fish roe, shrimp and shellfish. Much attention has been focused on the bioavailability and health benefits that are influenced by the type and esterified form of dietary fatty acids. Recently, numerous find...
Source: Progress in Lipid Research - August 22, 2019 Category: Lipidology Source Type: research
