Maternal obesity and childhood wheezing and asthma
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the most recent evidence regarding the associations between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and wheezing and asthma in childhood. Potential mechanisms, mediators and confounding factors involved in these associations are also discussed. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 24, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Franca Rusconi, Maja Popovic Source Type: research
Relation between asthma and sleep disordered breathing in children: is the association causal?
Over the last few decades, asthma and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children have experienced similar increases in prevalence, and have both been shown to have airway inflammation, leading investigators to postulate an association between asthma and SDB. However, whether this relationship is causal or not needs to be proven. In this manuscript, we use the most widely accepted epidemiologic criteria for causality, the Bradford Hill criteria, to test step-by-step whether the relation between asthma and SBD in children is causal or not. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 20, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jose A. Castro-Rodriguez, Pablo E. Brockmann, Carole L. Marcus Source Type: research
Chronic hypoxaemia as a molecular regulator of fetal lung development: implications for risk of respiratory complications at birth
Exposure to altered intrauterine conditions during pregnancy influences both fetal growth and organ development. Chronic fetal hypoxaemia is a common pregnancy complication associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that may influence the risk of infants experiencing respiratory complications at birth. There are a variety of signalling pathways that contribute to normal fetal lung development at the molecular level. The specific molecular effects of chronic hypoxaemia associated with IUGR on lung development are likely to be dependent on the specific aetiology (maternal, placental and/or fetal factors) that can...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 20, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Erin V. McGillick, Sandra Orgeig, Dino A. Giussani, Janna L. Morrison Source Type: research
Pulmonary Effects of Maternal Smoking on the Fetus and Child: Effects on Lung Development, Respiratory Morbidities, and Life Long Lung Health
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of abnormal in-utero lung development. Despite well known risks, rates of smoking during pregnancy have only slightly decreased over the last ten years, with rates varying from 5-40% worldwide resulting in tens of millions of fetal exposures. Despite multiple approaches to smoking cessation about 50% of smokers will continue to smoke during pregnancy. Maternal genotype plays an important role in the likelihood of continued smoking during pregnancy and the degree to which maternal smoking will affect the fetus. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cindy T. McEvoy, Eliot R. Spindel Tags: Mini-Symposium: Maternal Diseases Affecting the Newborn Source Type: research
In utero alcohol effects on foetal, neonatal and childhood lung disease
Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy exposes both premature and term newborns to the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites. Foetal alcohol exposure adversely effects the lung. In contrast to the adult “alcoholic lung” phenotype, an inability to identify the newborn exposed to alcohol in utero has limited our understanding of its effect on adverse pulmonary outcomes. This paper will review advances in biomarker development of in utero alcohol exposure. We will highlight the current understandi ng of in utero alcohol's toxicity to the developing lung and immune defense. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Theresa W. Gauthier, Lou Ann S. Brown Tags: Mini-Symposium: Maternal Diseases affecting the newborn Source Type: research
Maternal HIV and Paediatric Lung Health
With improved prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV, paediatric HIV disease is less common. However, the number of HIV exposed but uninfected infants is growing. Exposure to maternal HIV impacts infant respiratory health through an increase in known risk factors such as increased preterm birth and low birth weight, suboptimal breastfeeding, increased psychosocial stressors and increased exposure to infective pathogens. Exposure to the HIV virus and altered maternal immune environment result in immunologic changes in the infant that may contribute to respiratory disease risk. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: A.L. Slogrove, L. Frigati, D.M. Gray Source Type: research
“Pulmonary Effects of Maternal Smoking on the Fetus and Child: Effects on Lung Development, Respiratory Morbidities, and Life Long Lung Health”
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of abnormal in-utero lung development. Despite well known risks, rates of smoking during pregnancy have only slightly decreased over the last ten years, with rates varying from 5-40% worldwide resulting in tens of millions of fetal exposures. Despite multiple approaches to smoking cessation about 50% of smokers will continue to smoke during pregnancy. Maternal genotype plays an important role in the likelihood of continued smoking during pregnancy and the degree to which maternal smoking will affect the fetus. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cindy T. McEvoy, Eliot R. Spindel Source Type: research
“In utero alcohol effects on foetal, neonatal and childhood lung disease”
Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy exposes both premature and term newborns to the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites. Foetal alcohol exposure adversely effects the lung. In contrast to the adult “alcoholic lung” phenotype, an inability to identify the newborn exposed to alcohol in utero has limited our understanding of its effect on adverse pulmonary outcomes. This chapter will review advances in biomarker development of in utero alcohol exposure. We will highlight the current understan ding of in utero alcohol's toxicity to the developing lung and immune defense. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Theresa W. Gauthier, Lou Ann S. Brown Source Type: research
Diabetes in pregnancy and lung health in offspring: developmental origins of respiratory disease
Diabetes is an increasingly common complication of pregnancy. In parallel with this trend, a rise in chronic lung disease in children has been observed in recent decades. While several adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to diabetes in utero have been documented in epidemiological and experimental studies, few have examined the impact of diabetes in pregnancy on offspring lung health and respiratory disease. We provide a comprehensive overview of current literature on this topic, finding suggestive evidence that exposure to diabetes in utero may have adverse effects on lung development. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Azad MB, Moyce BL, Guillemette L, Pascoe CD, Wicklow B, McGavock JM, Halayko AJ, Dolinsky VW Source Type: research
Air pollution during pregnancy and lung development in the child
Air pollution exposure has increased extensively in recent years and there is considerable evidence that exposure to particulate matter can lead to adverse respiratory outcomes. The health impacts of exposure to air pollution during the prenatal period is especially concerning as it can impair organogenesis and organ development, which can lead to long-term complications. Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy affects respiratory health in different ways. Lung development might be impaired by air pollution indirectly by causing lower birth weight, premature birth or disturbed development of the immune system. (Source: ...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 17, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Insa Korten, Kathryn Ramsey, Philipp Latzin Source Type: research
Cardiorespiratory Interactions in Paediatrics
The interaction of the heart and lungs is probably the most important aspect of life and survival. Fortunately, it is not difficult to understand the fundamentals. The purpose of the lungs and their ventilation is to present oxygen to the circulation via the alveoli and to receive carbon dioxide from the circulation and then expel it. The relations of the heart and lungs and the matching of blood flow to the various organs with ventilation and lung perfusion may be disrupted by a variety of congenital or acquired heart malformations. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 11, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: M.L. Rigby, M. Rosenthal Source Type: research
Respiratory Complications in Children with Prader Willi Syndrome
Prader Willi syndrome, resulting from the partial deletion or lack of expression of a region of genes on the paternal chromosome 15, has a number of phenotypic features which predispose affected patients to ventilatory problems. These include generalised hypotonia, abnormal arousal and ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, scoliosis and fre quently, obesity. The spectrum of the resulting respiratory complications thus runs from sleep disordered breathing, to aspiration and respiratory functional impairment. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 9, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: H-L Tan, D.S. Urquhart Tags: Review Source Type: research
School intervention in asthma for adolescents: it is time to act
Asthma is a public health problem that is responsible for significant symptomatology and in extreme cases, premature deaths among adolescents. Lack of knowledge of the disease contributes to both its morbidity and mortality. In this manuscript, we discuss school interventions in asthma, in particular their impacts on improving knowledge of the disease and their ability to both make the school environment safer and reduce morbidity indicators. These interventions have been successful when implemented in higher income countries. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - August 5, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Ana Carla Carvalho Coelho, Carolina de Souza-Machado, Adelmir Souza-Machado Source Type: research
Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - July 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Benedict Griffiths, Kayleigh M Kew, Rebecca Normansell Tags: Cochrane Corner for Paediatric Respiratory Reviews Source Type: research
