Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Reticular Pseudodrusen and Thin Choroid Are Associated With Angioid Streaks
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is genetic disorder affecting multiple organs including skin, eyes, and cardiovascular system. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in ABCA6 gene1 and is characterized by fragmentation and mineralization of elastin fibers that affects the connective tissues. The reported incidence of PXE varies from one in 25,000 to one in 100,000.2Characteristic ophthalmic features of PXE include angioid streaks, peau d'orange, optic disc drusen, and comet lesions.3,4 Angioid streaks are irregular disruptions in the Bruch's membrane that are frequently (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Vinod Kumar, MS, DNB, MNAMS, FRCS (Glasg) Source Type: research

Risk Factors for Retinal Redetachment After Silicone Oil Removal: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Vitrectomy with silicone oil (SO) tamponade is an effective way to treat complicated retinal detachment (RD) and has improved the prognosis of severe vitreoretinal diseases.1,2 Long-term silicone oil tamponade can lead to oil-related complications such as cataract, glaucoma, emulsification, and keratopathy;3,4 therefore, the oil is usually removed after a certain period of time. Silicone oil removal (SOR) improves the visual function and can reduce the oil-related complications.2 However, lack of oil-supporting effect and the proliferation of epiretinal membranes after SOR can result in (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers ...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Yueqing He, MD Source Type: research

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Familial Retinal Arteriolar Tortuosity
Familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity (fRAT) is characterized by tortuosity of second- and third-order retinal arterioles.1 fRAT is usually described as an isolated retinal disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. However, fRAT has also been reported in association with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in patients with mutations in the COL4A1 gene.2,3 The clinical spectrum of COL4A1 mutations has been further extended and includes hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps (HANAC syndrome).4 Mutations in the COL4A2 gene have also been described in patients (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lase...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Audrey Giocanti-Auregan, MD, PhD Source Type: research

Wnt-Spectrum Vitreoretinopathy Masquerading as Congenital Toxoplasmosis
Wnt-spectrum vitreoretinopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders, including familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and Norrie disease, of retinal angiogenesis where the peripheral retina fails to vascularize resulting in ischemia and neovascularization.1,2 The majority of patients exhibit severe visual impairment as a consequence of progressive complications, including cataracts, macular dragging, retinal detachment, and amblyopia.3 –6FEVR/Norrie was classically described as an autosomal dominant condition,7 but cases have been reported with nearly all modes of inheritance.8 (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Natalia F. Callaway, MD, MS Source Type: research

Real-World Assessment of Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in DME: Findings of the Prospective, Multicenter REINFORCE Study
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an increasingly frequent cause of visual impairment throughout the world because of the rising global prevalence of diabetes.1 In the U.S., it has been estimated that 3.8% of adults ages 40 years and older with diabetes mellitus have DME.2 A critical challenge is to address the refractory nature of the disease. Since the 1980s, standard of care for DME had been focal and/or grid laser photocoagulation of leaking microaneurysms and areas of retinal thickening to reduce the rate of further loss in vision.3 However, within the past few years, treatment options (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Laser...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael A. Singer, MD Source Type: research

Reproducibility of Macular Thickness Measurements in Eyes Affected by Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration From Two Different SD-OCT Instruments
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive technique for capturing cross-sectional, high-resolution images of the retina in normal and pathologic eyes.1 –3 In clinical practice, it has been used mainly for retinal qualitative evaluation, such as visualization of subretinal fluid,4 macular edema,5 epiretinal membranes,6 photoreceptor layer disruption,7 macular holes,8 and choroidal neovascularization.9 OCT provides an evaluation of retinal thicknes s over time with a high level of reliability and reproducibility.10,11Advances in OCT technology have facilitated the introduction of (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lase...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Tudor C. Tepelus, PhD Source Type: research

A Case of a Ruptured Eyeball Caused by High-Pressure Water Jets
High-pressure water jets are commonly used for cleaning the windows of buildings and automobiles, as well as during heavy demolition work (ie, the dismantling of building structures).1,2 Ocular trauma caused by the direct exposure to high-pressure water jets often exhibits the appearance of blunt ocular trauma. There are numerous reports on corneal epithelial damage, corneal laceration, corneal endothelial injury, hyphema, iridodialysis, traumatic cataract, lens dislocation, vitreous hemorrhage, traumatic retinal detachment, etc.;3 –6 however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers ...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Shou Oosuka, MD Source Type: research

Serial Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Gentamicin Macular Toxicity: A Glimpse Into the Injury Cascade
Gentamicin (Gentak; Akorn, Lake Forest, IL) toxicity manifests as a vaso-occlusive event with nonperfusion areas demarcating the macular infarction. The postulated etiology is a vascular or receptor-mediated process.1 The availability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has improved understanding of this macular insult, but few published cases report use this diagnostic tool.2,3 The current case adds to literature by using swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) to image early gentamicin toxicity within 12 hours of subconjunctival injection. By reporting outer retinal damage to be the initial event, in (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Las...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Umesh Chandra Behera, MS Source Type: research

Clinical and OCT Findings in a Case of a Presumed Perfluorooctane Retinal Acute Toxicity
The use of perfluorooctane (C8F18) has been well-acclaimed in vitreoretinal surgery in terms of efficiency and safety.1 Several perfluorocarbon liquids-related ocular complications have been observed in in vitro studies, animal studies, and clinical follow-up including direct toxicity, inflammation, damage on retinal cells due to perfluorocarbon gravity, and retained subfoveal bubbles.2,3More than 100 cases of severe visual loss in the immediate postoperative period after retinal detachment surgery were recently reported by a Spanish official health care agency, and in all cases the same (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Gonzalo Garc ía de Oteyza, MD, FEBO Source Type: research

Scleral Transillumination With Digital Heads-Up Display: A Novel Technique for Visualization During Vitrectomy Surgery
Efficient and safe vitrectomy surgery is predicated on adequate illumination and visualization of the retina and vitreous. The advent of a small-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy has been closely followed by improvements in endo-illumination technology.1,2 Smaller gauges initially provided poor illumination with standard halogen and metal halide light sources, but this problem was overcome with the advent of high-output xenon light sources powered either as a stand-alone console or integrated within a full-function vitrectomy system. Since then, retina specialists have acquired numerous (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Bozho Todorich, MD, PhD Source Type: research

Morphological Implications of Vascular Structures Not Visualized on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disorder and has the potential for significant loss of vision.1 Vision loss is most often a result of cystoid macular edema (CME); however, vitreous hemorrhage, ischemic maculopathy, neovascularization, and retinal detachments are also potential complications. Currently, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) are used to diagnose and manage RVO and its complications.OCT angiography (OCTA) offers a promising noninvasive imaging modality that is safer and faster than FA. OCTA visualizes (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Michael J. Heiferman, MD Source Type: research

Management of Floaters
Howard F. Fine, Practical Retina Co-EditorPatients with vitreous floaters can be quite symptomatic, leading to psychological distress and even depression. In this installment of Practical Retina, Chirag P. Shah, MD, MPH, from Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, gives an update on the management of symptomatic vitreous floaters. He highlights a framework for deciding between observation, YAG vitreolysis, and vitrectomy surgery, and provides pearls on the key aspects of patient selection and the management of expectations and risks.As the number of cases of YAG vitreolysis performed nationwide (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lase...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Chirag P. Shah, MD, MPH Source Type: research

Assessment of Differences in Retinal Microvasculature Using OCT Angiography in Alzheimer's Disease: A Twin Discordance Report
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is defined by both neuropathology and clinical symptoms. The neuropathology of AD consists of two hallmark elements: the deposition of plaques (amyloid) and tangles (tau protein). It is likely that these two biochemical conditions lead to the destruction or death of nerve cells and subsequently cause the clinical symptoms, suggesting that both amyloid and tau can be assessed as early AD markers.1 However, measuring amyloid and tau through cerebrospinal fluid is not easily attainable for clinical diagnosis, and both may not be (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers a...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - June 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Dilraj S. Grewal, MD Source Type: research

OCT Angiography Helps Distinguish Between Proliferative Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) is a bilateral retinal disease that initially affects the temporal juxtafoveal microvasculature in both eyes and then spreads throughout the juxtafoveal region of the macula with asymmetric severity during the fifth to seventh decades of life.1 –3 Abnormalities include a greyish coloration to the juxtafoveal retina, intraretinal cavities, draping of the internal limiting membrane over inner retinal cavities, breakdown of the inner segment/out segment/ellipsoid zone region, and external limiting membrane in the outer retina, often in asso ciation with (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, La...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - May 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Fang Zheng, MD Source Type: research

Genetic Testing for Retina Specialists
Seenu M. Hariprasad,Practical Retina Co-EditorIn December 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Luxterna (voretigene neparvovec-rzyl; Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA) as a new gene therapy to treat children and adult patients with RPE65 mutations resulting in vision loss. The availability of this landmark treatment has brought attention to the need for genetic testing by retina specialists.For this column, Kimberly Drenser, MD, PhD, and Edward H. Wood, MD, from William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, MI, provide us with an overview of this important topic. They will begin (Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, La...
Source: Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye - May 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Authors: Edward H. Wood, MD Source Type: research