Meal-specific dietary patterns and their contribution to overall dietary patterns in the Japanese context: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Japanese dietary habits have long attracted interest from other countries, primarily due to their possible contribution to a low prevalence of coronary artery disease and long life expectancy [1, 2]. Typical characteristics of the Japanese diet include high consumption of refined grains, soybean products, seaweeds, vegetables, fish, and green tea and low consumption of whole grains, nuts, processed meat, and soft drinks [3, 4]. Nevertheless, studying single nutrients or foods in isolation may be inappropriate because such a study cannot inherently take account of the complicated interactions and cumulative effects which oc...
Source: Nutrition - August 22, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kentaro Murakami, M Barbara E Livingstone, Satoshi Sasaki Source Type: research
Insights about urinary hippuric and citric acid as biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake in patients with kidney stones: the role of age and gender
Nephrolithiasis is a non-communicable disease with a high prevalence all over the world, especially in industrialized countries where a significant increasing trend has been detected [1]. It implies a significant healthcare cost burden, requiring frequent hospitalizations for urological procedures and representing a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease [2]. Sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy dietary patterns have been claimed as important risk factors, leading to frequent overlapping with obesity and metabolic syndrome [3-4]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 22, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Angela Guerra, Andrea Ticinesi, Franca Allegri, Antonio Nouvenne, Beatrice Prati, Silvana Pinelli, Roberta Merli, Claudio Tana, Fulvio Lauretani, Rosalia Aloe, Loris Borghi, Tiziana Meschi Source Type: research
Polyphenols regulating microRNAs and inflammation biomarkers in obesity
Obesity is a serious public health problem with epidemic proportions in both developed and developing countries. In 2016, it was estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, i.e., 39% of adults were overweight worldwide, of which more than 650 million, approximately 13%, were obese [1]. Obesity with fat accumulation in the abdominal area, especially viscerally, is strongly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer [2]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 22, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Telma A.F. Corr êa, Marcelo M. Rogero Source Type: research
L-Threonine improves intestinal mucin synthesis and immune function of intrauterine growth retarded weanling piglets
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is usually ascribed to chronic placental insufficiency, which is a common complication of pregnancy that impairs nutrient transport from mother to fetus [1]. As an adaptation to placental insufficiency, redistribution of cardiac output in the fetus maintains substrate supply to key organs (heart and brain) at the expense of visceral organs, such as the liver and small intestine [1]. Such a defect can disrupt the normal trajectory of immune maturation, negatively affecting the composition and secretory products of the intestinal epithelial surface [2]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 22, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hao Zhang, Yueping Chen, Yue Li, Tao Zhang, Zhixiong Ying, Weipeng Su, Lili Zhanga Tian Wang Source Type: research
Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Huntington's Disease (HD)
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, autosomal dominant triplet-repeat, due to expansion of IT-15 gene on chromosome 4 coding for the huntingtin protein [1]. HD is clinically characterized by motor, neuropsychiatric and systemic symptoms. Some characteristic features are impairment of involuntary (chorea) and voluntary movements, dysarthria and balance problems. Cognitive functions are progressively compromised, initially only a few skills of thought, but later the decay become general. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 20, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Renata Costa de Miranda, Nicola Di Lorenzo, Angela Andreoli, Lorenzo Romano, Gemma Lou De Santis, Paola Gualtieri, Antonino De Lorenzo Source Type: research
Assessment of body composition changes during a combined intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity
The prevalence of childhood obesity has progressively increased for the past decades, and so is often considered as the most relevant nutritional disorder in our environment [1-4]. Its treatment is complex and has disappointing results so far but, when combined strategies are applied (nutritional education, dietary changes, increased physical activity and changes in lifestyles), it results to be effective [1-6]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 20, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Teodoro Dur á-Travé, Fidel Gallinas-Victoriano, María Urretavizcaya-Martinez, Lofti Ahmed-Mohamed, María Jesús Chueca Guindulain, Sara Berrade-Zubiri Source Type: research
The Influence of Maternal Dietary Patterns on Gestational Weight Gain: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in China
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is an important indicator of pregnancy outcomes (1, 2). Inappropriate GWG, either inadequate or excessive, leads to adverse health consequences for both mothers and infants (3). Inadequate GWG is related to fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and failure to initiate breastfeeding (3). Excessive GWG is accountable for pregnancy complications (e.g. gestational diabetes, gestational-induced hypertension and thromboembolism), cesarean section, macrosomia, postpartum maternal obesity, long-term adverse cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes for the infants (4-7). (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 20, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Xueling Wei, JianrongHe, Yan Lin, Minshan Lu, Qianling Zhou, Shenghui Li, Jinhua Lu, Mingyang Yuan, Niannian Chen, Lifang Zhang, Lan Qiu, Weibi Mai, Yonghong Pan, Caixin Yin, Cuiyue Hu, Huimin Xia, Xiu Qiu Source Type: research
Transient phenylketonuria in the premature
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent hereditary metabolic disorder in our environment. Its frequency ranges between 1 / 4000-40,000 live births. PKU is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine (phe) metabolism caused by deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phenylalanine, together with its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), into tyrosine. If left untreated, PKU results in increased phenylalanine concentrations in blood and brain, which cause severe intellectual disability, epilepsy and behavioural problems. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 20, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Beatriz Salamanca-Zarzuela, Mar ía Elena Infante López, Carlos Alcalde Martín Source Type: research
Plasma and erythrocyte ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are associated with multiple inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in breast cancer
Dietary patterns, foods, nutrients and bioactive components have been shown to exert multiple actions that can prevent and modify the carcinogenesis process. According the World Health Organization (WHO), around 35% of cancer cases can be explained by dietary factors [1-3]. High intake of saturated fats, refined sugar and low intake of fruit and vegetables are considered dietary determinants associated with breast oncogenesis, inflammation and oxidation [2,3-6]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 20, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Leticia Gomes Lira, Rute Mattos Dourado Esteves Just, Antonio Augusto Ferreira Carioca, Sara Maria Moreira Lima Verde, Geni Rodrigues Sampaio, Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres, N ágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno Source Type: research
Body composition evaluation with computed tomography: Contrast media and slice thickness cause methodological errors
The first analyses of body composition were used for analyzing muscle loss in astronauts or for evaluating dietary regimes in obese patients [1], but during recent decades body analyses have gained increasing interest when evaluating cancer cachexia [2] and critically ill patients [3]. Initial methodology was based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), under-water weighing and bioimpedance [4]. These techniques, however, could not distinguish between muscle groups or between subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 9, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fabian Morsbach, Yi-Hua Zhang, Lena Martin, Catarina Lindqvist, Torkel Brismar Source Type: research
Perioperative serum and urine metabolome analyses in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing partial hepatectomy
Perioperative nutritional management is essential for early recovery after liver surgery. The aim of this study was to assess changes in amino acid levels in serum and urine after hepatectomy. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 7, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Daisuke Kajiura, Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Hiroshi Tatano, Keiko Endo, Mayu Honma, Kaori Igarashi, Futaba Syoji, Satsuki Ikeda, Nozomi Yamaguchi, Takafumi Katayama, Yuji Morine, Satoru Imura, Tohru Utsunomiya, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masaru Tomi Source Type: research
Probiotic and Synbiotic Therapy in the Critically Ill: State of the Art
The medical community has placed significant emphasis in the eradication of bacteria in humans for many years. But, perhaps we should now be considering how to preserve and/or re-establish the health-promoting bacteria that define a great deal of what makes us human …and healthy. Undoubtedly, one of the most exciting scientific advances in recent years has been the realization that our bacterial symbionts or commensal microorganisms (our microbiome) play essential roles in our physiology as humans in a range of functions including nutritional state, vitamin s ynthesis, drug metabolism, protection against infection, and r...
Source: Nutrition - August 6, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: James M. Davison, Paul E. Wischmeyer Source Type: research
Excess of nutrient-induced morpho-functional adaptation and inflammation degree in a Caco2/HT-29 in vitro intestinal co-culture
The interaction between nutrients and intestinal cells consists of more than nutrient absorption and removal of harmful substances, in fact nutrients and food components can deeply modify the intestinal cell morphology and functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, permeability and immunological responsiveness [1]. The modulation of intestinal cell function induced by nutrients could be due to the presence of one or more specific nutrients, the most studied interactions, as well as a food excess. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 3, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: M. Bottani, L. Cornaghi, E. Donetti, A. Ferraretto Source Type: research
Current Evidence on Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Enteral Nutrition in the Critically ill – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fish oil (FO) has gained great interest as dominant source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), more specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). It has been suggested that EPA and DHA may attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators and cytokines, modulate the activity of nuclear receptors and expression of nuclear transcription factors (factor-kappa B, NF-κB; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, PPAR-γ; intracellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1) and act as precursors of resolvins which in turn attenuate inflammation (1, 2). (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 1, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: W.A.C. Koekkoek, V. Panteleon, A.R.H. van Zanten Tags: Review Source Type: research
Methods for data analysis of resting energy expenditure measured using indirect calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the most commonly used method to measure energy expenditure in the research setting to evaluate resting and physical activity energy expenditure, and support understanding of energy homeostasis, i.e., mechanisms that regulate weight-loss or weight gain [1]. Despite resting energy expenditure (REE) representing between 60% and 70% of daily energy expenditure [1], IC measurements usually last between 30 and 60 minutes to estimate the daily REE [2], using volume of oxygen consumption (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) equations [3]. (Source: Nutrition)
Source: Nutrition - August 1, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Juliano H. Borges, Gil Guerra-J únior, Ezequiel M. Gonçalves Source Type: research
