The low levels of nerve growth factor and its upstream regulatory kinases in prion infection is reversed by resveratrol
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Chao Hu, Cao Chen, Jia Chen, Kang Xiao, Jing Wang, Qi Shi, Yue Ma, LiPing Gao, YueZhang Wu, Lian Liu, Ying Xia, Pu Yan, Adalaiti Maimaitiming, DongHua Zhou, LiNa Zhang, Zhi Bao Chen, Xiao Ping DongAbstractResveratrol shows ability to eliminate prion replication, but the exact mechanism for prion eradication was not clear yet. Our previous studies demonstrate a downregulation of brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) during prion infection, meanwhile recovery of cerebral nerve growth factor (NGF) level by resveratrol treatment has b...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Constrained Chaos in Three-Module Neural Network Enables to Execute Multiple Tasks Simultaneously
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Shigetoshi Nara, Ken-ichiro Soma, Yutaka Yamaguti, Ichiro TsudaAbstractConstrained chaos introduced into a three-module neural network having feedforward inter-module structure could have potential abilities to execute multiple tasks simultaneously. Each module consists of a large number of binary state (±1) neurons. The entire activity pattern (neuron state) is updated by recurrent rule under certain external input to the first module and input to post-module from pre-module. As a practical example, with use of computer experiments...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Peripheral nociceptive mechanisms in an experimental rat model of fibromyalgia induced by repeated cold stress
Publication date: Available online 28 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Koji Wakatsuki, Yoshiko T.-Uchimura, Takanori Matsubara, Teruaki Nasu, Kazue Mizumura, Toru TaguchiAbstractFibromyalgia (FM) is a debilitating disease characterized by generalized and persistent musculoskeletal pain. Although central mechanisms are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of FM, the involvement of peripheral mechanisms is poorly understood. To understand the peripheral nociceptive mechanisms, we examined muscular nociceptors in an FM model, which was made by exposing rats to repeated cold stress (RCS). A single muscle...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 29, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation From Bench to Bedside and Beyond
Publication date: Available online 26 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Ippei NOJIMA, Antonio OLIVIERO, Tatsuya MIMAAbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are extensively applied for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and offer a powerful tool for addressing fundamental questions in neuroscience research. Recently, the use of static magnetic fields (SMFs) as a tool of NIBS has led to the development of a safe and promising method of neuromodulation called transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS). However, the neurophysiological mechanisms regarding the effect of tSMS on ...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 28, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Spectral dissociation of lateralized brain rhythms
Publication date: Available online 26 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Emmanuelle Tognoli, J.A. Scott KelsoAbstractUsing high resolution spectral methods to uncover neuromarkers of social, cognitive and behavioral function, we have found that hemi-lateralized pairs of oscillations such as left and right occipital alpha or left and right rolandic mu dissociate spectrally. That is, they show a shifted frequency distribution, with one member of the pair peaking at a slightly lower frequency than the other. Resorting to the analysis of EEG spatio-spectral patterns, we provide examples of dissociations in th...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 26, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuroprotective effect of metformin on dopaminergic neurodegeneration and α-synuclein aggregation in C. elegans model of Parkinson’s disease
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Nada Saewanee, Theethawat Praputpittaya, Nawaphat Malaiwong, Pawanrat Chalorak, Krai MeemonABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD), the second most progressive neurodegenerative disease causing motor impairment and defective cognitive function, has been a burden to the quality of life for decades and remain incurable. Metformin, a biguanide anti-diabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus, recently exhibits a neuroprotective effect in many neurological disorders. Ultimately, the aim of the study was to elucidate the neuroprotective effect...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Caution in Exploring the Effects of Distant Past Outcomes on Sequential Choices
This article exemplifies the need for caution in analyzing the limited number of sequential choices. (Source: Neuroscience Research)
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neuromagnetic Oscillations in the Human Sensory Systems: A Mini Review of Our Series and Literature
Publication date: Available online 24 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Shozo TobimatsuAbstractOscillatory neuronal (electrical) activity in defined frequency ranges supports synchronous interactions between anatomically distinct regions of the human brain during cognitive tasks. Here, the author reviews our previous studies that focused on the neuromagnetic oscillations in the sensory systems in response to the external stimuli in normal healthy subjects and neurological disorders. A magnetoencephalo-graphy was applied to evaluate the neuromagnetic oscillations in humans. We have demonstrated that the o...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Mechanisms for the resonant property in rodent neurons
Publication date: Available online 20 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Kouichi HashimotoAbstractThe plasma membrane of some neurons has an intrinsic electrical property for responding to inputs with a specific frequency. This band-pass property is called the resonant property, and is thought to be the basis for the frequency response of neurons. Resonance is mediated by a capacitor and resister inherent to the plasma membrane, while ion channels act as phenomenological inductors. A variety of ion channels have been proposed as candidates, such as hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potas...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 22, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Altered microbiota composition reflects enhanced communication in 15q11-13 CNV mice
Publication date: Available online 18 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Dian Eurike Septyaningtrias, Chia-Wen Lin, Rika Ouchida, Nobuhiro Nakai, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Hidetoshi Morita, Kenya Honda, Kota Tamada, Toru TakumiAbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. In addition to the core symptoms of ASD, many patients with ASD also show comorbid gut dysbiosis, which may lead to various gastrointestinal (GI) problems. Intriguingly, there is evidence that gut microbiota communicate with the central nervous system to modulate behavioral output...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 19, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Understanding the circuit basis of cognitive functions using mouse models
Publication date: Available online 16 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Miho Nakajima, L. Ian SchmittAbstractUnderstanding how cognitive functions arise from computations occurring in the brain requires the ability to measure and perturb neural activity while the relevant circuits are engaged for specific cognitive processes. Rapid technical advances have led to the development of new approaches to transiently activate and suppress neuronal activity as well as to record simultaneously from hundreds to thousands of neurons across multiple brain regions during behavior. To realize the full potential of the...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 16, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Neurocognitive correlates of self-esteem: from self-related attentional bias to involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Mohammad Ali Salehinejad, Vahid Nejati, Michael A. NitscheAbstractDespite growing interest in underlying cognitive mechanisms of self-esteem, its neurocognitive correlates are not fully-understood. Attention bias to self-related stimuli is an example of self-referential processing (SRP) and its association with self-esteem is not well-studied. Moreover, previous studies show that the medial prefrontal regions are involved in SRP which may suggest that it is involved in self-esteem too. We investigated the association between attentio...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Dopamine D1 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in dorsal striatum are required for high speed running
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Toru Nakamura, Luis Carl Rios, Takeshi Yagi, Toshikuni Sasaoka, Takashi KitsukawaAbstractDopamine (DA) signaling in the basal ganglia plays important roles in motor control. Motor deficiencies were previously reported in dopamine receptor D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) knockout mice. While these results indicate the involvement of DA receptors in motor execution, the null knockout (KO) mouse lacks the specificity necessary to determine when and where in the brain D1R and D2R function in motor execution. To address these questions, we restricte...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
miR-499-5p suppresses C-reactive protein and provides neuroprotection in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rat
This study aims to investigate the functional role of miR-499-5p and the underlying mechanism in regulating neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced brain injury. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting assay were performed to investigate the relationship between miR-499-5p and C-reactive protein (CRP). TUNEL staining assay was applied to evaluate neuronal cell apoptosis in the hippocampus after administration of miR-499-5p in HIE rat model. Neurobehavioral assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of miR-499-5p on the neurological functions of rat pups with HI-induced brain injury. Our study showed that miR-4...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Thalamic reticular nucleus in the thalamocortical loop
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Norio TakataAbstractDynamic binding of different brain areas is critical for various cognitive functions. The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a GABAergic nucleus that constrains information flow through thalamocortical loop by providing inhibitory innervation to the thalamus. In this review, I summarize anatomical and single-cell-level physiological studies of the rodent TRN. Diversity and heterogeneity of TRN neurons in terms of axonal innervation, molecular expression, and physiological characteristics are described. I also outl...
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 6, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
