Towards minimally invasive deep brain stimulation and imaging: a near-infrared upconversion approach
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Shuo Chen, Jiang Wu, Alvan Cai, Natalie Gonzalez, Ruoyi YinAbstractOne of the most important goals in neuroscience and neuroengineering is noninvasive deep brain stimulation and imaging. Recently, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been developed as a new class of optical actuators and labels to allow for the use of near-infrared light (NIR) to optogenetically stimulate and image neurons nestled in deep brain regions. Besides the high penetration depth of NIR excitation, UCNPs show advantages in neuronal imaging ...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 26, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Engineering genetically encoded fluorescent indicators for imaging of neuronal activity: progress and prospects
Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Yi Shen, Yusuke Nasu, Irene Shkolnikov, Anna Kim, Robert E. CampbellAbstractGenetically encoded fluorescent indicators have transformed the way neuroscientists record neuronal activities and interrogate the nervous system in vivo. In this review, we discuss recent advances and new additions to the toolkit of indicators for calcium ion entry, membrane voltage change, neurotransmitter release, and other neuronal molecular processes. We highlight new engineering approaches for indicator design and development, and identify key areas for ...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 26, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effects of electromagnetic fields from long-term evolution on awake electroencephalogram in healthy humans
Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Setsu Nakatani-Enomoto, Madoka Yamazaki, Keisuke Nishiura, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Yoshikazu UgawaAbstractMobile phones are indispensable for daily life, and the adverse effects of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by mobile phones have been a great concern. We studied the effects of long-term evolution (LTE) -like EMF for 30 min on an awake electroencephalogram (EEG). Thirty-eight healthy volunteers, aged 20 to 36 years old, participated in this study. The maximum local SAR (specific absorption rate) averaged over 10-g mass was 2.0...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 26, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
The PINK1–Parkin axis: An Overview
Publication date: Available online 23 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Keiji TanakaAbstractParkin is a protein involved in familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms linked to the loss of dopaminergic neurons. More than 20 years have passed since the discovery of Parkin; since that time, another familial PD protein has been identified: PINK1, which acts upstream of Parkin. PINK1 is a protein kinase that monitors mitochondrial integrity by sensing disability status, whereas Parkin is a ubiquitin–protein ligase that attaches ubiquitin chains to malfunctioning mi...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 23, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Enhancer-Driven Gene Expression (EDGE) enables the generation of cell type specific tools for the analysis of neural circuits
Publication date: Available online 17 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Stefan Blankvoort, Lucie A.L. Descamps, Cliff KentrosAbstractAs in all circuits, fully understanding how neural circuits operate requires the ability to specifically manipulate individual circuit elements, i.e. particular neuronal cell types. While recent years saw the development of of molecular genetic tools allowing one to control and monitor neuronal activity, progress is limited by the ability to express such transgenes specifically enough. This goal is complicated by the fact that we are only beginning to understand how many cel...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 19, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
New frontiers in probing the dynamics of purinergic transmitters in vivo
Publication date: Available online 17 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Zhaofa Wu, Yulong LiAbstractPurinergic transmitters such as adenosine, ADP, ATP, UTP, and UDP-glucose play important roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including the sleep-wake cycle, learning and memory, cardiovascular function, and the immune response. Moreover, impaired purinergic signaling has been implicated in various pathological conditions such as pain, migraine, epilepsy, and drug addiction. Examining the function of purinergic transmission in both health and disease requires direct, sensitive, non-invasive too...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 17, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Oscillotherapeutics – Time-targeted interventions in epilepsy and beyond
Publication date: Available online 16 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Yuichi Takeuchi, Antal BerényiAbstractOscillatory brain activities support many physiological functions from motor control to cognition. Disruptions of the normal oscillatory brain activities are commonly observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, anxiety/trauma-related disorders, major depressive disorders, and drug addiction. Therefore, these disorders can be considered as common oscillation defects despite having distinct behavioral manifestat...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 16, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prelim ii(edi board)
Publication date: January 2020Source: Neuroscience Research, Volume 150Author(s): (Source: Neuroscience Research)
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 16, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Editorial Announcement: Looking towards the future of Neuroscience Research
Publication date: January 2020Source: Neuroscience Research, Volume 150Author(s): Thomas J. McHugh (Source: Neuroscience Research)
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 16, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Ratio of naturally retained 15N to 13C in rat brain regions as a marker of brain function and activity
Publication date: Available online 10 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Yoshihisa Kudo, Eitaro WadaAbstractOur aim in the present study was to clarify the activity-dependent and function-associated retention of stable isotopes (SIs) in rat brain regions. We measured regional distributions of the natural stable isotopes 15N and 13C in brain using a mass spectrometer with a dual inlet system and a double collector for ratiometry, and compared them with distributions obtained from internal organs and skeletal muscle. Although levels of 15N and 13C were very high in brain regions of prenatal rats, and robustl...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Abnormal dynamic functional network connectivity of the mirror neuron system network and the mentalizing network in patients with adolescent-onset, first-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia
Publication date: Available online 10 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Fenfen Sun, Zhiyong Zhao, Martin Lan, Yi Xu, Manli Huang, Dongrong XuAbstractPrevious studies based on an assumption of connectivity stationarity reported disconnections in mirror neuron system (MNS) and mentalizing networks of schizophrenic brains with social cognitive disruptions. However, recent studies demonstrated that functional brain connections are dynamic, and static connectivity metrics fail to capture time-varying properties of functional connections. The present study used a dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) method to ...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 11, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Light-mediated Control of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Mayumi Yamada, Shinji C. Nagasaki, Takeaki Ozawa, Itaru ImayoshiAbstractTaking advantage of the recent development of genetically-defined photo-activatable actuator molecules, cellular functions, including gene expression, can be controlled by exposure to light. Such optogenetic strategies enable precise temporal and spatial manipulation of targeted single cells or groups of cells at a level hitherto impossible. In this review, we introduce light-controllable gene expression systems exploiting blue or red/far-red wavelengths and discus...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 8, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Differences in task-phase-dependent time-frequency patterns of local field potentials in the dorsal and ventral regions of the monkey lateral prefrontal cortex
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Norihiko Kawaguchi, Hajime MushiakeAbstractAlthough the ventral and dorsal regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) are anatomically distinct, their functional differentiation is still controversial. Local field potentials (LFPs) reflect synaptic input and are widely modulated by information from both the external world and the internal state of the brain. However, functional mapping using LFPs has not been fully tested and is expected to provide new insights into their differences. Thus, the present study ana...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 8, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Involvement of TNFα in the enhancement of hypersensitivity in the adulthood-injured face associated with facial injury in infancy
Publication date: Available online 7 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Kumi Soma, Masamichi Shinoda, Yoshinori Hayashi, Kohei Kanno, Tetsuo Shirakwa, Koichi IwataAbstractTo evaluate the mechanisms underlying acceleration of hypersensitivity in the adulthood-injured face following facial injury in infants, we developed the rats model with facial skin injury in infants and adulthoods (incision + incision), and facial skin suture in infants and facial skin injury in adulthoods (sham + incision), and analyzed the mechanical head-withdrawal threshold (MHWT) of the facial skin, immunohistochemical analy...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 7, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Capturing activated neurons and synapses
Publication date: Available online 30 December 2019Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Jung-Eun Choi, Jiwon Kim, Jinhyun KimAbstractAn important yet very challenging goal of neuroscience is to understand how brain activity drives cognition and behavior. Many useful tools have been developed to study neurons and synapses, the fundamental units of brain activity. Here, we review recently developed methods to visualize and manipulate active neurons and synapses, providing useful and compelling information about functional neuronal circuitry. (Source: Neuroscience Research)
Source: Neuroscience Research - December 31, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
