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Review: Animal models of acquired epilepsy: insights into mechanisms of human epileptogenesis
In many patients who suffer from epilepsies, recurrent epileptic seizures do not start at birth but develop later in life. This holds particularly true for epilepsies with a focal seizure origin including focal cortical dysplasias and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE most frequently has its seizure onset in the hippocampal formation. Hippocampal biopsies of pharmacoresistant TLE patients undergoing epilepsy surgery for seizure control most frequently reveal the damage pattern of hippocampal sclerosis, that is, segmental neuronal cell loss and concomitant astrogliosis. Many TLE patients report on transient brain insults ea...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: A. J. Becker Tags: Review Source Type: research

Review: Neuroinflammatory pathways as treatment targets and biomarker candidates in epilepsy: emerging evidence from preclinical and clinical studies
Accumulating evidence indicates an important pathophysiological role of brain inflammation in epilepsy. In this review, we will provide an update of specific inflammatory pathways that have been proposed to be crucial in the underlying molecular mechanisms of epilepsy, including the interleukin‐1 receptor/toll‐like receptor signalling, cyclooxygenase‐2, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, complement signalling and chemokines. Furthermore, by drawing on evidence from preclinical and clinical studies we will discuss the potential of these signalling pathways targets for novel therapeutic interventions that control drug‐r...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: E. A. Vliet, E. Aronica, A. Vezzani, T. Ravizza Tags: Review Source Type: research

Review: Neurodegenerative processes in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: Clinical, pathological and neuroimaging evidence
Cognitive decline is increasingly described as a co‐morbidity of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment are not fully understood despite examining clinical factors, such as seizure frequency, and cellular mechanisms of excitotoxicity. We review the neuropsychometry evidence for progressive cognitive decline and examine the pathology and neuroimaging evidence supporting a neurodegenerative process in hippocampal sclerosis (HS)‐related TLE. Accelerated cognitive decline is described in groups of adult HS‐related TLE patients. Large childhood studies show early onset of seizures result ...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: X. Y. Tai, B. Bernhardt, M. Thom, P. Thompson, S. Baxendale, M. Koepp, N. Bernasconi Tags: Review Source Type: research

Review: Molecular characteristics of long ‐term epilepsy‐associated tumours (LEATs) and mechanisms for tumour‐related epilepsy (TRE)
Brain tumours are the second most common cause of seizures identified in epilepsy surgical series. While any tumour involving the brain has the potential to cause seizures, specific subtypes are more frequently associated with epilepsy. Tumour‐related epilepsy (TRE) has a profound impact on patients with brain tumours and these seizures are often refractory to anti‐epileptic treatments, resulting in long‐term disability and patient morbidity. Despite the drastic impact of epilepsy‐associated tumours on patients, they have not traditionally enjoyed as much attention as more malignant neoplasms. However, recently a n...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: T. J. Stone, R. Rowell, B. A. P. Jayasekera, M. O. Cunningham, T. S. Jacques Tags: Review Source Type: research

Review: The past, present and future challenges in epilepsy ‐related and sudden deaths and biobanking
This article reviews how pathologists and healthcare professionals have approached ERD, current practices, logistical problems and areas to improve and harmonize. The main neuropathology, cardiac and genetic findings in SUDEP are outlined, providing a framework for best practices, integration of clinical, pathological and molecular genetic investigations in SUDEP, and ultimately prevention. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: M. Thom, M. Boldrini, E. Bundock, M. N. Sheppard, O. Devinsky Tags: Review Source Type: research

Review: The international consensus classification of Focal Cortical Dysplasia – a critical update 2018
The Diagnostic Methods commission of the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) released a first international consensus classification of Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) in 2011. Since that time, this FCD classification has been widely used in clinical diagnosis and research (more than 740 papers cited in Pubmed between 1/1/2012 and 7/1/2017). Herein, we review the new data that will inform and revise the FCD classification. Many recent papers described molecular‐genetic characteristics in FCD type II including multiple mutations in the mTOR pathway. In addition, the electro‐clinico‐imaging phenotype and surgic...
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: I. M. Najm, H. B. Sarnat, I. Bl ümcke Tags: Review Source Type: research

Review: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy
This article will review the current and still evolving genetic advances in the elucidation of the molecular basis of FCD. Activating somatic mutations in the MTOR gene are to date the most frequent mutations found in FCD brain specimens. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: E. Marsan, S. Baulac Tags: Review Source Type: research

Issue Information
(Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 20, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research

Relationship of Type 2 Diabetes to Human Brain Pathology
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 8, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Jeremy J. Pruzin, Peter T. Nelson, Erin L. Abner, Zoe Arvanitakis Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Aberrant accumulation of ErbB4 in progressive supranuclear palsy
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, EarlyView. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, Ahead of Print. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Non ‐Meningothelial Meningeal Tumours with Meningioangiomatosis‐like Pattern of Spread
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: J. Bryan Iorgulescu, Sean Ferris, Ashima Agarwal, Sandro Casavilca Zambrano, D. Ashley Hill, Robert Schmidt, Arie Perry Tags: Scientific Correspondence Source Type: research

The fine anatomy of the perivascular compartment in the human brain: relevance to dilated perivascular spaces in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Matthew MacGregor Sharp, Diederik Bulters, Sebastian Brandner, Janice Holton, Ajay Verma, David J Werring, Roxana O Carare Tags: Scientific Correspondence Source Type: research

The miR ‐139‐5p regulates proliferation of supratentorial paediatric low‐grade gliomas by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signalling
ConclusionsThese findings provide the first evidence that down‐regulation of miR‐139‐5p in supratentorial pLGG drives cell proliferation by de‐repressing PI3K/AKT signalling.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Giuseppina Catanzaro, Zein Mersini Besharat, Evelina Miele, Martina Chiacchiarini, Agnese Po, Andrea Carai, Carlo Efisio Marras, Manila Antonelli, Manuela Badiali, Alessandro Raso, Samantha Mascelli, Daniel Schrimpf, Damian Stichel, Marco Tartaglia, David Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Review: Vascular dementia: clinicopathologic and genetic considerations
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology,Volume 44, Issue 3, Page 247-266, April 2018. (Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology)
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - January 30, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research