Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Impact of Calcium Quantifications on Stent Expansions
Severely calcified plaque is of great concern when planning and implementing a stenting intervention. In this work, computational models were developed to investigate the influence of calcium characteristics on stenting outcomes. The commonly used clinical measurements of calcium (i.e., the arc angle, maximum thickness, length, and volume) were varied to estimate stenting outcomes in terms of lumen gain, stent underexpansion, strut malapposition, and stress or strain distributions of the stenotic lesion. Results have shown that stenting outcomes were most sensitive to the arc angle of the calcium. A thick calcium with a la...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
An Injury Risk Function for the Leg, Foot, and Ankle Exposed to Axial Impact Loading Using Force and Impulse
Most injury risk functions (IRFs) for dynamic axial loading of the leg have been targeted toward automotive applications such as predicting injury caused by intrusion into the occupant compartment from frontal collisions. Recent focus on leg injuries in the military has led to questions about the applicability of these IRFs shorter duration, higher amplitude loading associated with underbody blast (UBB). To investigate these questions, data were collected from seven separate test series that subjected post-mortem human legs to axial impact. A force and impulse-based Weibull survival model was developed from these studies t...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Design of Semirigid Wearable Devices Based on Skin Strain Analysis
Nowadays, both usability and comfort play a key role in the development of medical and wearable products. When designing any device that is in contact with the human body, the mechanical behavior of the embraced soft tissue must be known. The unavoidable displacement of the soft tissue during motion may lead to discomfort and, thus, the removal of the wearable product. This paper presents a new methodology to design and test a wearable device based on the measurement of the dynamic skin strain field. Furthermore, from this field, the anatomical lines with minimum strain (lines of nonextension (LoNEs)) are calculated to des...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 12, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Comparison of Biomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Trabeculae Carneae, Papillary Muscles, and Myocardium in the Human Heart
The objective of this study was to investigate the passive mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles compared to the myocardium in human hearts. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed on samples of trabeculae carneae and myocardium strips, while biaxial tensile tests were performed on samples of papillary muscles and myocardium sheets. The experimental data were fitted with a Fung-type strain energy function and material coefficients were determined. The secant moduli at given diastolic stress and strain levels were determined and compared among the tissues. Follow...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
The Mechanical Role of the Radial Fiber Network Within the Annulus Fibrosus of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Elements Study
The annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) consists of a set of concentric layers composed of a primary circumferential collagen fibers arranged in an alternating oblique orientation. Moreover, there exists an additional secondary set of radial translamellar collagen fibers which connects the concentric layers, creating an interconnected fiber network. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical role of the radial fiber network. Toward that goal, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of the L3 –L4 spinal segment was generated and calibrated to axial compression and pure moment loading....
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
A Reactive Inelasticity Theoretical Framework for Modeling Viscoelasticity, Plastic Deformation, and Damage in Fibrous Soft Tissue
Fibrous soft tissues are biopolymeric materials that are made of extracellular proteins, such as different types of collagen and proteoglycans, and have a high water content. These tissues have nonlinear, anisotropic, and inelastic mechanical behaviors that are often categorized into viscoelastic behavior, plastic deformation, and damage. While tissue's elastic and viscoelastic mechanical properties have been measured for decades, there is no comprehensive theoretical framework for modeling inelastic behaviors of these tissues that is based on their structure. To model the three major inelastic mechanical behaviors of tiss...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Physiologic Medium Maintains the Homeostasis of Immature Bovine Articular Cartilage Explants in Long-Term Culture
The ability to maintain living articular cartilage tissue in long-term culture can serve as a valuable analytical research tool, allowing for direct examination of mechanical or chemical perturbations on tissue behavior. A fundamental challenge for this technique is the recreation of the salient environmental conditions of the synovial joint in culture that are required to maintain native cartilage homeostasis. Interestingly, conventional media formulations used in explanted cartilage tissue culture investigations often consist of levels of metabolic mediators that deviate greatly from their concentrations in synovial flui...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - December 5, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Electro-Osmosis Modulated Viscoelastic Embryo Transport in Uterine Hydrodynamics: Mathematical Modeling
Embryological transport features a very interesting and complex application of peristaltic fluid dynamics. Electro-osmotic phenomena are also known to arise in embryo transfer location. The fluid dynamic environment in embryological systems is also known to be non-Newtonian and exhibits strong viscoelastic properties. Motivated by these applications, the present article develops a new mathematical model for simulating two-dimensional peristaltic transport of a viscoelastic fluid in a tapered channel under the influence of electro-osmosis induced by asymmetric zeta potentials at the channel walls. The robust Jeffrey viscoel...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 30, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
A Force-Sensing Insole to Quantify Impact Loading to the Foot
Lower leg injuries commonly occur in frontal automobile collisions, and are associated with high disability rates. Accurate methods to predict these injuries must be developed to facilitate the testing and improvement of vehicle safety systems. Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) are often used to assess injury risk by mimicking the behavior of the human body in a crash while recording data from sensors at discrete locations, which are then compared to established safety limits developed by cadaveric testing. Due to the difference in compliance of cadaveric and ATD legs, the force dissipating characteristics of footwear, a...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 29, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Synergy-Based Gaussian Process Estimation of Ankle Angle and Torque: Conceptualization for High Level Controlling of Active Robotic Foot Prostheses/Orthoses
This study aims at investigating the existence of this cooperation or the so-called synergy between the shank motion and the ankle motion. One potential use of this synergy is to develop the high level controllers for active foot prostheses/orthoses. The central point in this paper is to develop a high level controller that is able to continuously map shank kinematics (inputs) to ankle angles and torques (outputs). At the same time, it does not require speed determination, gait percent identification, switching rules, and look-up tables. Furthermore, having those targets in mind, an important part of this study is to deter...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 29, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Deformation of Transvaginal Mesh in Response to Multiaxial Loading
This study demonstrates that multiaxial loading applied clinically has th e potential to locally reduce porosity in transvaginal mesh, increasing the risk for complications. Computational simulations show potential of predicting this behavior for more complex loading conditions. (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 29, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Erratum: “Development of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Myocardial Bridging” [ASME J. Biomech. Eng. 2018, 140(9), p. 091010; Doi: 10.1115/1.4040127 ]
The following needs to be added to “Funding Data”: (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
The Effect of Charge and Mechanical Loading on Antibody Diffusion Through the Articular Surface of Cartilage
This study characterizes how solute charge influences local diffusion and convective transport of antibodies within the heterogeneous cartilage matrix. Three fluorescently tagged solutes of varying isoelectric point (pI) (4.7 –5.9) were tested in either cyclic or passive cartilage loading conditions. In each case, local diffusivities were calculated based on local fluorescence in the cartilage sample, as observed by confocal microscopy. In agreement with past research, local solute diffusivities within the heterogeneou s cartilage matrix were highest around 200–275 μm from the articular surface, but 3 –4 times low...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - November 19, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Agreement Between the Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Healthy Adults From the OptoGait System and a Traditional Three-Dimensional Motion Capture System
This study examined the agreement between the spatiotemporal gait parameters calculated from the OptoGait system and a three-dimensional motion capture (14 camera Vicon motion capture system and 2 AMTI force plates) in healthy adults. Additionally, a range of filter settings for the OptoGait were examined to determine if it was possible to eliminate any systematic bias between the OptoGait and the three-dimensional motion analysis system. Agreement between the systems was examined using 95% limits of agreement by Bland and Altman and the intraclass correlation coefficient. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to detect any sy...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Regularization-Free Strain Mapping in Three Dimensions, With Application to Cardiac Ultrasound
Quantifying dynamic strain fields from time-resolved volumetric medical imaging and microscopy stacks is a pressing need for radiology and mechanobiology. A critical limitation of all existing techniques is regularization: because these volumetric images are inherently noisy, the current strain mapping techniques must impose either displacement regularization and smoothing that sacrifices spatial resolution, or material property assumptions that presuppose a material model, as in hyperelastic warping. Here, we present, validate, and apply the first three-dimensional (3D) method for estimating mechanical strain directly fro...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - October 22, 2018 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
