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Reactivation of tuberculosis in cancer patients following administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors: current evidence and clinical practice recommendations
AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs) have revolutionized cancer treatment producing remarkable and durable responses for a range of malignancies. However, the additional modulation of immune response by ICBs may rarely cause immune-related infectious complications, including re-activation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBC) with detrimental effects on those patients ’ outcome. Here, we present two “real-world” melanoma cases that were treated in our department with blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and developed activeMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) during immunotherapy. In view of these cases, we review the literat...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 3, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Influence of low-dose radiation on abscopal responses in patients receiving high-dose radiation and immunotherapy
ConclusionsLow-dose radiation may increase systemic response rates of metastatic disease treated with high-dose radiation and immunotherapy. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 3, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

High numbers of activated helper T cells are associated with better clinical outcome in early stage vulvar cancer, irrespective of HPV or p53 status
ConclusionThis is the first study demonstrating an association between intraepithelial T cells and clinical outcome in VSCC. Our data suggest that abnormal p53 expressing VSCCs mostly are cold tumors whereas HPV-driven VSCCs are strongly T-cell infiltrated. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Challenges in assessing the clinical utility and economic value of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies of Cancer
AbstractAdvances in the immunotherapy of cancer have prolonged survival for cancer patients, but the clinical and financial impact of treatments must be considered in determining the overall clinical utility and economic value of therapeutic agents. Quality-adjusted life years and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios are clinical and economic metrics that can be used to evaluate the value of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This Commentary provides perspective on the limitations, benefits, and potential enhancement of this approach to support value-based medicine. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Correction to: Immunotherapy Utilizing the Combination of Natural Killer – and Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)–Mediating Agents with Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) Inhibition
Following publication of the original article [1], an error was noted in the GAPDH in the western blot depicted in Figure 4b. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

A PD-L2-based immune marker signature helps to predict survival in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
ConclusionsOur work highlighted PD-L2 as a promising immunotherapeutic target with prognostic value combined with complex tumor infiltrating cells in PDAC. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 28, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Characterization of a whole blood assay for quantifying myeloid-derived suppressor cells
ConclusionsMDSC are a heterogenous group of cells, and their quantitation in WB can be affected by a number of pre-analytical variables. Consideration of these factors, and measurement using a material type that has not been manipulated, such as whole blood, is likely to yield the most accurate results. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 27, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin enhances the antitumour effect of PD-1 inhibition by targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells
ConclusionsPOG was successfully screened from the traditional Chinese Medicine library as a PMN-MDSC inhibitor. POG exhibited a good synergistic antitumour effect with PD-1 inhibitor. This study provided a potential option for enhancing the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in clinical applications. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 27, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Isolation of T cell receptor specifically reactive with autologous tumour cells from tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and construction of T cell receptor engineered T cells for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
ConclusionThis strategy provides the means to generate tumor-reactive TCR-Ts for ESCC, which is especially important for patients without prior knowledge of specific epitopes and might be applied for other cancers. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 27, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Cancer targeting by TCR gene-engineered T cells directed against Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1
AbstractT cell receptor (TCR) gene-engineered T cells have shown promise in the treatment of melanoma and synovial cell sarcoma, but their application to epithelial cancers has been limited. The identification of novel therapeutic TCRs for the targeting of these tumors is important for the development of new treatments. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization of a TCR directed against Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1 (KK-LC-1, encoded byCT83), a cancer germline antigen with frequent expression in human epithelial malignancies including gastric cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Gene-engineered T cells expr...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 27, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

PD-L1 expression is a predictive biomarker for CIK cell-based immunotherapy in postoperative patients with breast cancer
ConclusionsOur study showed the relationship between PD-L1 expression and CIK therapy and revealed that PD-L1 expression in the tumor is as an indicator of adjuvant CIK therapy for postoperative breast cancer. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 26, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Antibody targeting tumor-derived soluble NKG2D ligand sMIC provides dual co-stimulation of CD8 T cells and enables sMIC + tumors respond to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy
ConclusionOur findings provide the proof-of-concept rationale and previously undiscovered mechanisms for co-targeting sMIC to enable and enhance the response to PD1/PD-L1 blockade therapy in sMIC+ cancer patients. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 25, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Phase I study of samalizumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: blockade of the immune checkpoint CD200
ConclusionsSamalizumab had a good safety profile and treatment was associated with reduced tumor burden in a majority of patients with advanced CLL. These preliminary positive results support further development of samalizumab as an immune checkpoint inhibitor.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov,NCT00648739 registered April 1, 2008. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 22, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Concurrent therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and TNF α blockade in patients with gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events
ConclusionsConcurrent treatment with anti-TNF α and ICI appears to be safe, facilitates steroid tapering, and prevents irEC. Prospective clinical trials are needed to assess the outcomes of this treatment modality. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 21, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MEDI0680 in a phase I study of patients with advanced solid malignancies
ConclusionsMEDI0680 induced peripheral T-cell proliferation and increased plasma IFN γ and associated chemokines regardless of clinical response. CD8+ T-cell tumor infiltration and tumoral gene expression ofIFNG, CD8A,CXCL9, and granzyme K (GZMK) were also increased following MEDI0680 administration.Trial registrationNCT02013804; date of registration December 12, 2013. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - August 21, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research