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Synergistic interactions of sulfamethoxazole and azole antifungal drugs against emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris
C. auris is an emerging human fungal pathogen that has been recently implicated in several nosocomial outbreaks worldwide [1, 2]. Although outbreaks have been reported in many countries, the true prevalence of C. auris infections is likely to be underestimated. This is mainly because identification of C. auris requires special diagnostic tools such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry or more complicated molecular techniques such as multilocus sequence typing, which are not readily available in many countries [3-7]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 23, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hassan E. Eldesouky, Xiaoyan Li, Nader S. Abutaleb, Haroon Mohammad, Mohamed N. Seleem Source Type: research

Are there any challenges in HCV therapy of HIV infected patients left?
The introduction of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Indeed, near to normal life expectancy can be expected in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections if antiviral therapy is started before the onset of AIDS or advanced immunodeficiency. Therefore, concomitant diseases are increasingly gaining importance. Coinfections with the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are of substantial concern, as HIV is known to accelerate the progression of HCV related liver disease, which has emerged as a leading cause of death in HIV infected individuals [1]. (Source: I...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 23, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jenny Bischoff, J ürgen K Rockstroh Tags: Themed Issue: Therapeutics of hepatitis viruses Source Type: research

Cutibacterium acnes protects Candida albicans from the effect of micafungin in biofilms
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast as well as a commensal organism of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and skin [1]. Immunocompromised patients can develop superficial candidiasis (oropharyngeal, vaginal, etc.) and candidaemia [2]. In the USA, Candida spp. is the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections, and 50.7% of these infections are attributed to C. albicans [3]. In fact, many of these nosocomial bloodstream infections may involve more than one species of Candida and/or bacteria, and one-half of them may be linked to implanted medical devices (IMDs) [4,5]....
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cl ément Bernard, Noémie Renaudeau, Marie-Laure Mollichella, Nathalie Quellard, Marion Girardot, Christine Imbert Tags: Themed Issue: Recent Advances in Antimicrobial and Bacterial Resistance Source Type: research

Genomic path to pandrug resistance in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have spread through tertiary hospitals worldwide during the last decades [1]. Some sequence types (STs) have been particularly successful, causing outbreaks in clinical settings and leading to endemic situations with hundreds of affected patients [2]. Over the years, antimicrobial pressure has led to the rise and dissemination of strains with increased resistance spectra. These strains have been called multidrug-resistant (MDR) when more than three antimicrobial families are affected, or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) when only one or two antimicrobial families remain active. (S...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fernando L ázaro-Perona, Alma Sotillo, Paloma Troyano-Hernáez, Rosa Gómez-Gil, Ángela de la Vega-Bueno, Jesús Mingorance Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Cutibacterium acnes protects Candida albicans from micafungin effect in biofilms
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic yeast, a commensal organism of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts and skin [1]. Immunocompromised patients can develop superficial candidiasis (oropharyngeal, vaginal, etc.) and candidemia [2]. In the United States of America (USA), Candida spp. is the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSI) and 50.7 % of these infections are attributed to C. albicans [3]. In fact, many of these nosocomial BSI could involve more than one species of Candida and/or bacteria and half of them could be linked to implanted medical devices (IMD) [4,5]...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Cl ément Bernard, Noémie Renaudeau, Marie-Laure Mollichella, Nathalie Quellard, Marion Girardot, Christine Imbert Source Type: research

Genomic path to panresistance in a clinical isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have spread through tertiary hospitals worldwide during the last decades [1]. Some sequence types have been particularly successful producing outbreaks in clinical settings and leading to endemic situations, with hundreds of affected patients [2]. Over the years, antibiotic pressure has led to the rise and dissemination of strains with increased resistance spectra. These strains have been called multidrug resistant (MDR) when more than three antimicrobial families were affected or extensively drug resistant (XDR) when only one or two antimicrobial families remain active. (S...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fernando L ázaro-Perona, Alma Sotillo, Paloma Troyano-Hernáez, Rosa Gómez-Gil, Ángela de la Vega-Bueno, Jesús Mingorance Source Type: research

Serum bactericidal activity of colistin and azidothymidine combinations against mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Escherichia coli
Gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, are the major cause both of community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, which is worsened by the continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance and a shortage of new antibiotics under development. The number of antimicrobial agents to treat infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is limited, and the polymyxins such as colistin are considered the treatment of last resort [1]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 20, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Maria Loose, Kurt G. Naber, Yanmin Hu, Anthony Coates, Florian M.E. Wagenlehner Source Type: research

Serum bactericidal activity of colistin and azidothymidine combinations against mcr-1 positive colistin-resistant Escherichia coli
Gram-negative bacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, are the major cause of both community and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI), which is worsened by the continuous antibiotic resistance emergence and a shortage of new antibiotics under development. The number of antimicrobial agents to medicate infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae is limited, and the polymyxins such as colistin are considered the last resort treatment [1]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 20, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Maria Loose, Kurt G. Naber, Yanmin Hu, Anthony Coates, Florian M.E. Wagenlehner Source Type: research

Assessing antimicrobial stewardship initiatives: Clinical evaluation of cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam in patients with bloodstream infections secondary to AmpC-producing organisms
The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance amongst Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. identified in healthcare-associated infections is a grave public-health concern [1]. Among the Enterobacteriaceae, AmpC β-lactamases present a unique challenge. Commonly found on chromosomes and plasmids in Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp., their presence raises concern due to rapid hydrolysis of commonly used antimicrobial agents such as penicillins, second- a nd third-generation cephalosporins, and monobactams [2,3]. (Source: International Jou...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lacie McKamey, Veena Venugopalan, Kartikeya Cherabuddi, Samuel Borgert, Stacy Voils, Kairav Shah, Kenneth P. Klinker Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Assessing Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiatives: Clinical Evaluation of Cefepime or Piperacillin-tazobactam in Patients with Bloodstream Infections Secondary to AmpC Producing Organisms
The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance amongst Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. identified in healthcare-associated infections is a grave public health concern [1]. Amongst the Enterobacteriaceae, AmpC beta-lactamases present a unique challenge. Commonly found on chromosomes and plasmids in Enterobacter spp, Serratia spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and Citrobacter spp., their presence raises concern due to rapid hydrolysis of commonly used antibiotics such as penicillins, second and third-generation cephalosporins, and monobactams [2,3]. (Source: International Jou...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lacie McKamey, Veena Venugopalan, Kartikeya Cherabuddi, Samuel Borgert, Stacy Voils, Kairav Shah, Kenneth P. Klinker Source Type: research

Mobile Colistin Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Pigs Affected by Colibacillosis
Sir, (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chiara Francesca Magistrali, Ludovica Curcio, Andrea Luppi, Giovanni Pezzotti, Serenella Orsini, Silvia Tofani, Claudia Feudi, Alessandra Carattoli, Laura Villa Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Comparative incidence and excess risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients receiving vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam in combination or as monotherapy
Vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in US hospitals [1,2]. This particular combination of antibiotics may be useful empirically due to the broad Gram-positive activity of vancomycin (i.e. activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and the broad Gram-negative activity of TZP (i.e. activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Given the widespread use of these antibiotics, there is a need for an enhanced understanding of the safety of these two agents in combination or as monotherapy. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Joseph Carreno, Tori Smiraglia, Christopher Hunter, Ellis Tobin, Ben Lomaestro Source Type: research

Comparative incidence and excess risk of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients receiving vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam in combination or as monotherapy
Vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in U.S. Hospitals [1, 2]. This particular combination of antibiotics may be useful empirically due to the broad Gram-positive activity of vancomycin (i.e. activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus) and the broad Gram-negative activity of piperacillin-tazobactam (i.e. activity against P. aeruginosa). Given the widespread use of these antibiotics, there is a need for an enhanced understanding of the safety of these two agents in combination or as monotherapy. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Joseph J. Carreno, Tori Smiraglia, Christopher Hunter, Ellis Tobin, Ben Lomaestro Source Type: research

Development of colistin dependence in non-baumannii Acinetobacter species
In this study, we reveal that various species of Acinetobacter develop colistin dependence after exposure to colistin. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yoon-Kyoung Hong, Kwan Soo Ko Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research

High prevalence of triazole resistance in clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in a specialist cardio-thoracic centre
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous ascomycete mould that can cause a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes. The pathological effects of A. fumigatus depend largely on the interplay between the pathogen and host immune response ranging from asymptomatic colonisation to life-threatening infection. Invasive aspergillosis (IA), the most severe form of A. fumigatus infection, predominantly affects immunocompromised patients. In contrast, immune hyperactivity can lead to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and fungal sensitization in severe asthma (SAFS). (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alireza Abdolrasouli, Andrew Scourfield, Johanna Rhodes, Anand Shah, J. Stuart Elborn, Matthew C. Fisher, Silke Schelenz, Darius Armstrong-James Source Type: research