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Serotyping of dengue viruses circulating during 2014 & #8211;2015 in Assam, India
This study aimed to identify the dengue serotypes circulating in Assam. Clinically suspected dengue fever cases were included in the study. Viral RNA was extracted using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen). Nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was done for serotyping. The frequency of dengue was 25.23% with a peak during the period from September (22.56%) to October (26.22%). Two serotypes were detected, DEN-1 (72.7%) and DEN-2 (12.1%) and dual infection in 15.1%. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Muksedur Rahman Ajanta Sharma Saurav Patgiri Ezaz Hussain Amrit Kumar Borah Lahari Saikia Source Type: research

The prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among the blood donors in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry
This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of OBI using total anti-HBc by ELISA and DNA detection by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The samples included were negative for HBs Ag by ELISA. Out of 1102 samples tested, 156 were positive for total anti-hepatitis B core antigen and 52/156 by real-time PCR. Overall, the prevalence was found to be 4.71% (52/1102). The results indicate that nucleic acid-based testing should be an essential part of screening procedure to prevent missing of OBI. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: KP Athira K Vanathy Rajendra Kulkarni Rahul Dhodapkar Source Type: research

Use of eschar for the molecular diagnosis and genotypic characterisation of Orientia tsutsugamushi causing scrub typhus
Manisha Biswal, Kamran Zaman, Vikas Suri, Harshith Rao, Abhay Kumar, Gaurav Kapur, Navneet Sharma, Ashish Bhalla, M JayashreeIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2018 36(3):422-425Scrub typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi presents as an acute febrile illness with a varied presentation from mild illness to fatal disease in the absence of appropriate antibiotic treatment. Performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on eschar sample acts a rapid diagnostic tool in the early stage of scrub typhus when blood is negative. A total of eight patients from whom both whole blood and eschar samples were collected and tested by ne...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Manisha Biswal Kamran Zaman Vikas Suri Harshith Rao Abhay Kumar Gaurav Kapur Navneet Sharma Ashish Bhalla M Jayashree Source Type: research

Changes in hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis C infection patients
Conclusions: Events that cause social changes such as war and immigration and intense commercial and touristic activities affect and alter the HCV genotype distribution in HCV-infected patients. For this reason, further multicentre studies are required reflecting all the regions in order to determine the genotype distribution in HCV-infected patients at regular intervals. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mehmet Burak Selek Orhan Baylan Ergenekon Karag & #246;z Mustafa & #214;zyurt Source Type: research

Comparing the profile of respiratory fungal pathogens amongst immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, their susceptibility pattern and correlation of various opportunistic respiratory fungal infections and their progression in relation to the CD4 & #43;T-cell counts
Conclusion: Patterns of invasive fungal infections are changing in many ways. In the midst of these evolving trends, IFI of the respiratory tractcontinue to remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic tools can be adequately used only if the treating physician is aware of the propensity of patients to acquire a fungal infection. Thus, continuous awareness and education is crucial for successful management of patients. Judicious use of antifungal medications as prophylactic measures must be employed, particularly in the critically ill and patients of HIV. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Asma Husein Roohani Nazish Fatima Mohammad Shameem Haris Manzoor Khan Parvez Anwar Khan Anees Akhtar Source Type: research

Microbiological and chest X-ray studies on influenza B virus-associated pneumonia
Conclusions: High clinical suspicion is required to detect pneumonia in influenza B virus patients. Based on the CXR findings, the study also suggests that patients with pleural effusion and positive bacterial culture need more attention for the severity of clinical outcome. Moreover, critical care should be given to paediatric patients having higher WBC count, higher CRP level and lower Hgb. These parameters would be helpful to differentiate primary pneumonia from non-pneumonic influenza. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiaoyun Wang Yan Tian Source Type: research

Evaluation of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers at a tertiary care hospital
Conclusion: Post-HBsAg vaccination immunity to hepatitis B was 96.5% in HCW and was similar to that of global rates. Increasing age, time period, smoking habit, and overweight were associated with decreased immunity. Many studies are needed in developing newer HBV vaccines with very high immunogenicity. Giving highly immunogenic vaccine to HCWs will ensure safety at work by reducing nosocomial transmission which is very much desired in a resource-limited country. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Praveena Basireddy Surekha Avileli Nagajyothi Beldono Swarna Latha Gundela Source Type: research

Expanded diagnostic approach to hepatitis E virus detection in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: A pilot study
Conclusion: This study shows that alcohol is a major contributing factor for both underlying CLD and ACLF while HEV is the most common infectious cause for ACLF, suggesting a need for a vaccination in such patients, whenever made available. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Runal John Steve Fletcher John Gnanadurai Raghavendran Anantharam Visalakshi Jeyaseelan Uday George Zachariah Ashish Goel Eapen Eapen Chundamannil Priya Abraham Source Type: research

Evaluation of an in-house LipL32 polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of leptospirosis and its correlation with various serological diagnostic techniques
Conclusions: Mysore can be considered endemic for leptospirosis. The in-house PCR based on LipL32 gene proved to be useful in the early diagnosis of leptospirosis. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Linda Rose Jose Sumana Neelambike Mahadeviah V Balamurugan K Ramachandra Kini Source Type: research

Incidence, epidemiology and control of Clostridium difficile infection in a tertiary care private hospital in India
Conclusions: CDI is an emerging HAI in India. All hospitals need to set up policies for surveillance, testing, treatment and prevention of CDI based on recent international guidelines and local infrastructure/logistics. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tanu Singhal Sweta Shah Reshma Tejam Pooja Thakkar Source Type: research

Hepatitis C virus and its genotypes in chronic liver disease patients from Meghalaya, Northeast India
Conclusions: The presence of HCV in newly diagnosed CLD cases from Meghalaya was considerable. The genotype distribution of HCV was distinct from the other regions of India. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bhupen Barman Kaustubh Bora Kryshanlang G Lynrah W Valarie Lyngdoh Mohammad Jamil Source Type: research

Rapid detection of the commonly encountered carbapenemases (New Delhi metallo- & #946;-lactamase, OXA-48/181) directly from various clinical samples using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay
Conclusions: Rapid detection of these carbapenemases would be assist in better patient management, in terms of accurate antimicrobial treatment, help in cohorting infected from uninfected patient to prevent spread. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mubin Kazi Rukhsar Khot Anjali Shetty Camilla Rodrigues Source Type: research

Changing virulence factors among vaginal non-albicans Candida species
Conclusions: This study highlighted that there is a change in the virulence factors among the non-albicans Candida species, especially C. glabrata strains which were haemolytic and produce strong proteinase activity and esterase activity. It may be one of the explanation of the most common causative agent of VVC in our study. Multicentric studies from this area might be required to get a more generalised conclusion. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Krishnapriya Kalaiarasan Rakesh Singh Latha Chaturvedula Source Type: research

Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Conclusion: The present study establishes Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a promising tool in the rapid diagnosis of EPTB and detection of RIF resistance. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sheetal Bankar Reena Set Disha Sharma Daksha Shah Jayanthi Shastri Source Type: research

Hepatitis C virus infection in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India: Identification of a mixed and novel genotype
Conclusion: The major HCV genotype observed was 3 which is difficult to treat with direct-acting antivirals, owing to the more rapid progression of liver disease, increased rates of steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), a higher risk for cancer (HCC). We believe this study is the first one to address the prevalence of mixed genotypes and untypeable genotype from India. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Priya Madan Yabaji Aruna Shankarkumar Akash Shukla Shobna Bhatia Source Type: research