Method development for optimised green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Millettia pinnata and their activity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has received substantial attention, because nanoparticles are produced in an eco-friendly way using biomolecules present in plant extracts in a single step reaction. This research article highlights GNPs obtained using shade-dried leaf extracts of Millettia pinnata (L.) with aqueous auric chloride (HAuCl4) at ambient temperature. In the present study, GNPs with average particle size 37 nm in size were fabricated. Furthermore, the synthesis method to obtain stable and monodispersed GNPs was advanced by optimising enzyme concentration 100 μg/ml, pH 5.4, substra...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Controlling fibroblast adhesion and proliferation by 1D Al2O3 nanostructures
The fibrotic encapsulation, which is mainly accompanied by an excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, is an undesired phenomenon after the implantation of various medical devices. Beside the surface chemistry, the topography plays also a major role in the fibroblast–surface interaction. In the present study, one-dimensional aluminium oxide (1D Al2O3) nanostructures with different distribution densities were prepared to reveal the response of human fibroblasts to the surface topography. The cell size, the cell number and the ability to form well-defined actin fibres and focal adhesions were significantly impaired wit...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Putative mechanism for anticancer properties of Ag–PP (NPs) extract
In this study, cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects of silver NPs (AgNPs) coated with palm pollen extract [Ag–PP(NPs)] were evaluated. For this purpose, the cells were treated with NPs and then were subjected to trypan blue testing (48 h). Then, the cancer invasion was evaluated by the scratch procedure and the expressions of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGF-R) genes were estimated using real-time PCR assay. Also, the angiogenesis effect of the NPs was investigated with chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The Ag–PP(NPs) induced cytotoxicity on MCF7 cells. Th...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Novel nanoplex-mediated plant transformation approach
Here, a rapid and easy transformation by electroporation technique for gene transfer in plants using cell penetrating amino nanocomplex (nanoplex) has been demonstrated in Nicotiana. Nanoplex was prepared using cell penetrating amino acids (CPAs) such as poly-L-lysine (PLL) and Argenine (Arg), in combination with the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). PLLs-modified nanoplex with zeta potential of 34.2 ± 1.22 mV charge showed 63.3% efficiency for gene transformation in plant cells as compared to 60% when modified with Arg and the zeta potential was found to be 30.0 ± 0.83 mV; whe...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Multifaceted activities of plant gum synthesised platinum nanoparticles: catalytic, peroxidase, PCR enhancing and antioxidant activities
A single pot, green method for platinum nanoparticles (Pt NP) production was devised with gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia). Analytical tools: ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis), dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed. Wide continuous UV-vis absorption and black solution colouration proved Pt NP formation. Face-centred cubic crystalline structure of NP was evidenced from XRD. NPs formed were nearly spherical with a mean particle size of 3 nm. NP demonstrated a myriad of properties including cataly...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Cytotoxicity properties of functionalised carbon nanotubes on pathogenic bacteria
Nanobiotechnology is a promising field concerned with the using of engineered nanomaterials, which leads to the improvement of new human remedial against pathogenic bacteria modalities. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared by an easy, cheap and low-cost electro-chemical method. The AgNPs were then loaded successfully on to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a modified chemical reaction process. The AgNPs on the MWCNTs were well spread and evenly distributed on the surfaces of the long nanotubes with well-graphitised walls as examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. X-ray d...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Novel synthesis of ultra-fine Sb2O3 nanocubes using plant extract
In this study, the synthesis of ultra-fine grade antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) using plant extract for the first time is reported. Antimony chloride was used as a starting material and Dioscorea alata tuber extract was used as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. XRD analysis indicates the formation of pure Sb2O3 nanoparticles. The result from FE-SEM and DLS showed that the particles have a cube-like morphology and have an averag...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Effect of solution pH and adsorbent concentration on the sensing parameters of TGN-based electrochemical sensor
The response of trilayer graphene nanoribbon (TGN)-based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) to different pH solutions and adsorption effect on the sensing parameters are analytically studied in this research. The authors propose a TGN-based sensor to electrochemically detect pH. To this end, absorption effect on the sensing area in the form of carrier concentration, carrier velocity, and conductance variations are investigated. Also, the caused electrical response on TGN as a detection element is analytically proposed, in which significant current decrease of the sensor is observed after exposure to high pH valu...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Finite element simulation for the effect of loading rate on visco-hyperelastic characterisation of soft materials by spherical nanoindentation
Nanoindentation test performed by atomic force microscopy is highly recommended for the characterisation of soft materials at nanoscale. The assumption proposed in the characterisation is that the material is pure elastic with no viscosity. However, this assumption does not represent the real characteristics of soft materials such as bio tissue or cell. Therefore, a parametric finite element simulation of nanoindentation by spherical tip was carried out to investigate the response of cells with different constitutive laws (elastic, hyperelastic and visco-hyperelastic). The investigation of the loading rate effect on the ch...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Preparation and characterisation of zein/polyphenol nanofibres for nerve tissue regeneration
In this study, zein, a plant protein-based polymer, was electrospun to prepare nanofibrous mats. An important challenge with zein mats is the rapid change from fibre to film under aqueous conditions. Tannic acid (TA), which is a polyphenol, was selected to prepare a blend of zein/TA with different weight ratios to investigate its effect on the wetting resistance of nanofibres. The electrospun mats were characterised and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, degradation and mechanical properties of the mats were studied. Results showed that TA had a significant ef...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Directional preparation of superhydrophobic magnetic CNF/PVA/MWCNT carbon aerogel
Carbon aerogels have attracted considerable attention in basic research and for their potential applications in many fields. Here, the fabrication of a magnetic cellulose nanofibre (CNF)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) carbon aerogel (m-CPMCA) is reported using a simple freeze-drying followed by a carbonisation process, and direct immobilisation of Fe3O4 nanoparticle on the surface of aerogels. The obtained target aerogel has the characteristics of low density (0.098 g/cm3), high porosity (>90%) and 3D interpenetrating porous structures. Furthermore, m-CPMCA has a surprising compressiv...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
PEG-Citrate dendrimer second generation: is this a good carrier for imaging agents In Vitro and In Vivo?
While cancer is the leading cause of human's deaths worldwide, finding an imaging agent which can detect cancer tumours is needed for cancer diagnosis. In the present study, PEG-citrate dendrimer-G2 was used as a nano-carrier of FITC dye and Iohexol to help passive targeting and uptake of both imaging agents in cancer cells/tumour in vitro and in vivo. Dendrimer was synthesisedand the product characterised using LC-MS, FT-IR, DLS, ELS, AFM, and 1HNMR. After FITC loading into dendrimer, MTT was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of formulation on HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells. In vitro imaging using dendrimer-FITC was done v...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Insights of CMNPs in water pollution control
The various toxic contaminants such as dyes, heavy metals, pesticides, rare-earth elements, and hazardous chemicals are the major threats to all the flora and fauna. Owing to the harmful ill effects caused by the toxic contaminants, it is necessary to eliminate these compounds from the authors’ ecosystem. The chitosan magnetic nanomaterials (CMNPs) are one of the superior materials used in the wastewater treatment through various conventional technologies. The chitosan is a natural source obtained from the crustacean shells of crabs, prawns etc. The magnetic nanomaterial prepared by the reinforcement of chitosan is ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - August 9, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Design a protein gripper to capture a hydrophobic cargo
In recent years, the employment of nano-robots in intelligent transferring of nano-cargos and medical treatments has been in the spotlight of researchers. The first step is to present appropriate environmental nano-parts with the potential ability to transform into nano-robots. prefoldin, which is a molecular chaperone, is introduced as a new protein nano-actuator being capable of capturing nano-cargos with different charges and various sizes, which can also be used in medical applications. By the aid of mutation, in this work authors have designed a new prefoldin nano-actuator in order to capture hydrophobic nano-cargo, m...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Effect of green synthesised silver nanoparticles on morphogenic and biochemical variations in callus cultures of kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.)
This study provides the first evidence of green synthesised AgNPs on callus culture developments and further quantification of biochemical profiling in C. reticula. (Source: IET Nanobiotechnology)
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
