Erratum to: AMPK Regulation of Cell Growth, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Bioenergetics.
Authors: Paz MV, Cotán D, Maraver JG, Oropesa-Ávila M, de la Mata M, Pavón AD, de Lavera I, Gómez EA, Córdoba MÁ, Alcázar JA
PMID: 28197974 [PubMed - in process] (Source: EXS)
Source: EXS - February 17, 2017 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
Structure and Regulation of AMPK.
Authors: Kurumbail RG, Calabrese MF
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase is a family of heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinases that come in twelve different flavors. They serve an essential function in all eukaryotes of conserving cellular energy levels. AMPK complexes are regulated by changes in cellular AMP:ATP or ADP:ATP ratios and by a number of neutraceuticals and some of the widely-used diabetes medications such as metformin and thiazolinonediones. Moreover, biochemical activities of AMPK are tightly regulated by phosphorylation or dephosphorylation by upstream kinases and phosphatases resp...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Protein Metabolism by AMPK.
Authors: Angin Y, Beauloye C, Horman S, Bertrand L
Abstract
This chapter summarizes AMPK function in the regulation of substrate and energy metabolism with the main emphasis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, protein turnover, mitochondrial biogenesis, and whole-body energy homeostasis. AMPK acts as whole-body energy sensor and integrates different signaling pathway to meet both cellular and body energy requirements while inhibiting energy-consuming processes but also activating energy-producing ones. AMPK mainly promotes glucose and fatty acid catabolism, whereas it prevents protein, glycogen, and fatt...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK Regulation of Cell Growth, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Bioenergetics.
Authors: Paz MV, Cotán D, Maraver JG, Oropesa-Ávila M, de la Mata M, Pavón AD, de Lavera I, Gómez EA, Córdoba MÁ, Alcázar JA
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) generally promotes catabolic pathways that produce ATP and at the same time inhibits anabolic pathways involved in different processes that consume ATP. As an energy sensor, AMPK is involved in the main cellular functions implicated in cell fate, such as cell growth and autophagy.Recently, AMPK has been connected with apoptosis regulation, although the molecular mechanism by which AMPK induces and/or inhibits ce...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK and Placental Progenitor Cells.
Authors: Kaufman MR, Brown TL
Abstract
AMPK is important in numerous physiological systems but plays a vital role in embryonic and placental development. The placenta is a unique organ that is the essential lifeline between the mother and baby during pregnancy and gestation. During placental development, oxygen concentrations are very low until cells differentiate to establish the appropriate lineages that take on new functions required for placental and embryonic survival. Balancing the oxygen regulatory environment with the demands for energy and need to maintain metabolism during this process places AMP...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase for Regulating Post-exercise Insulin Sensitivity.
Authors: Kjøbsted R, Wojtaszewski JF, Treebak JT
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance precedes development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As skeletal muscle is a major sink for glucose disposal, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining insulin sensitivity of this tissue could potentially benefit millions of people that are diagnosed with insulin resistance. Regular physical activity in both healthy and insulin-resistant individuals is recognized as the single most effective intervention to increase whole-body insulin sensitivity and thereby positively affect glucose homeostasis. A ...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK/Mitochondria in Metabolic Diseases.
Authors: Bullon P, Marin-Aguilar F, Roman-Malo L
Abstract
The obtaining of nutrients is the most important task in our lives. Energy is central to life's evolutions; this was one of the aspect that induced the selection of the more adaptable and more energetically profitable species. Nowadays things have changed in our modern society. A high proportion of people has access to plenty amount of food and the obesity appear as one of the pathological characteristics of our society. Energy is obtained essentially in the mitochondria with the transfer of protons across the inner membrane that produce ATP. The ex...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK in Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Authors: Domise M, Vingtdeux V
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by a progressive degeneration of nerve cells eventually leading to dementia. While these diseases affect different neuronal populations and present distinct clinical features, they share in common several features and signaling pathways. In particular, energy metabolism defects, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity are commonly described and might be correlated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) deregulation. A...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK in Cardiovascular Diseases.
Authors: Daskalopoulos EP, Dufeys C, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Horman S
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the implication of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of various physiological and pathological cellular events of great importance for the maintenance of cardiac function. These include the control of both metabolic and non-metabolic elements targeting the different cellular components of the cardiac tissue, i.e., cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. The description of the multifaceted action of the two AMPK catalytic isoforms, α1 and α2, emphasizes the general protective...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK and Cancer.
Authors: Wang Z, Wang N, Liu P, Xie X
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of AMPK as a stress-response molecule with an emphasis on its duplex implication in carcinogenesis and cancer drug resistance. AMPK is closely correlated to the tumor-suppressive functions of LKB1 and P53, consequently modulating the activity of cellular survival signaling such as mTOR and Akt, leading to cell growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest. On the contrary, AMPK is tightly involved in cancer drug resistance via interacting with multiple known mechanisms of chemoresistance such as ABCG2 expression, autophagy induction,...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK as a Pro-longevity Target.
Authors: Burkewitz K, Weir HJ, Mair WB
Abstract
Chronic, age-associated diseases are already among the leading causes of morbidity and death in the world, a problem exacerbated by the rapidly rising proportion of elderly in the global population. This emergent epidemic represents the next great challenge for biomedical science and public health. Fortunately, decades of studies into the biology of aging have provided a head start by revealing an evolutionarily conserved network of genes that controls the rate and quality of the aging process itself and which can thereby be targeted for protection against ag...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
Targeting AMPK for the Alleviation of Pathological Pain.
Authors: Asiedu MN, Dussor G, Price TJ
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major clinical problem that is poorly treated with available therapeutics. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently emerged as a novel target for the treatment of pain with the exciting potential for disease modification. AMPK activators inhibit signaling pathways that are known to promote changes in the function and phenotype of peripheral nociceptive neurons and promote chronic pain. AMPK activators also reduce the excitability of these cells suggesting that AMPK activators may be efficacious for the treatment o...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK in Pathogens.
Authors: Mesquita I, Moreira D, Sampaio-Marques B, Laforge M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Ludovico P, Estaquier J, Silvestre R
Abstract
During host-pathogen interactions, a complex web of events is crucial for the outcome of infection. Pathogen recognition triggers powerful cellular signaling events that is translated into the induction and maintenance of innate and adaptive host immunity against infection. In opposition, pathogens employ active mechanisms to manipulate host cell regulatory pathways toward their proliferation and survival. Among these, subversion of host cell energy metabolism by pathogens is cur...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
Targeting AMPK: From Ancient Drugs to New Small-Molecule Activators.
Authors: Guigas B, Viollet B
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionary conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase mainly acting as a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex, consisting of a catalytic α subunit and two regulatory β and γ subunits, whose activity is tightly regulated by changes in adenine nucleotides and several posttranslational modifications. Once activated in response to energy deficit, AMPK concomitantly inhibits ATP-consuming anabolic processes and promotes ATP-generating catabolic pathways via...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
AMPK in Yeast: The SNF1 (Sucrose Non-fermenting 1) Protein Kinase Complex.
Authors: Sanz P, Viana R, Garcia-Gimeno MA
Abstract
In yeast, SNF1 protein kinase is the orthologue of mammalian AMPK complex. It is a trimeric complex composed of Snf1 protein kinase (orthologue of AMPKα catalytic subunit), Snf4 (orthologue of AMPKγ regulatory subunit), and a member of the Gal83/Sip1/Sip2 family of proteins (orthologues of AMPKβ subunit) that act as scaffolds and also regulate the subcellular localization of the complex. In this chapter, we review the recent literature on the characteristics of SNF1 complex subunits, the structure and regulation of the activity of the SNF1 complex, its...
Source: EXS - November 6, 2016 Category: Research Tags: EXS Source Type: research
