HSD17B1 expression induces inflammation-aided rupture of mammary gland myoepithelium
Hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1) converts low-active estrogen estrone to highly active estradiol. Estradiol is necessary for normal postpubertal mammary gland development; however, elevated estradiol levels increase mammary tumorigenesis. To investigate the significance of the human HSD17B1 enzyme in the mammary gland, transgenic mice universally overexpressing human HSD17B1 were used (HSD17B1TG mice). Mammary glands obtained from HSD17B1TG females at different ages were investigated for morphology and histology, and HSD17B1 activity and estrogen receptor activation in mammary gland tissue were asses...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 21, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jarvensivu, P., Heinosalo, T., Hakkarainen, J., Kronqvist, P., Saarinen, N., Poutanen, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The impact of 27-hydroxycholesterol on endometrial cancer proliferation
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Obesity is a major risk factor for EC and is associated with elevated cholesterol. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is a cholesterol metabolite that functions as an endogenous agonist for Liver X receptor (LXR) and a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Exposure to oestrogenic ligands increases risk of developing EC; however, the impact of 27HC on EC is unknown. Samples of stage 1 EC (n = 126) were collected from postmenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy. Expression of LXRs (NR1H3, LXRα; NR1H2, LXRβ) and enzymes required for the synth...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 21, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gibson, D. A., Collins, F., Cousins, F. L., Esnal Zufiaurre, A., Saunders, P. T. K. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Role of iodide metabolism in physiology and cancer
Iodide (I–) metabolism is crucial for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (THs) in the thyroid and the subsequent action of these hormones in the organism. I– is principally transported by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and by the anion exchanger PENDRIN, and recent studies have demonstrated the direct participation of new transporters including anoctamin 1 (ANO1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and sodium multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Several of these transporters have been found expressed in various tissues, implicating them in I– recycling. New research supports the exci...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 21, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: De la Vieja, A., Santisteban, P. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Treatment of refractory thyroid cancer
Distant metastases from thyroid cancer of follicular origin are uncommon. Treatment includes levothyroxine administration, focal treatment modalities with surgery, external radiation therapy and thermal ablation, and radioiodine in patients with uptake of 131I in their metastases. Two-thirds of distant metastases become refractory to radioiodine at some point, and when there is a significant tumor burden and documented progression on imaging, a treatment with a kinase inhibitor may provide benefits. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 21, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Berdelou, A., Lamartina, L., Klain, M., Leboulleux, S., Schlumberger, M., on behalf of the TUTHTYREF Network Tags: Review Source Type: research
The neuroendocrine phenotype, genomic profile and therapeutic sensitivity of GEPNET cell lines
In this study, we aimed to define the molecular characteristics and therapeutic sensitivity of these cell lines. We therefore performed immunophenotyping, copy number profiling, whole-exome sequencing and a large-scale inhibitor screening of seven GEPNET cell lines. Four cell lines, GOT1, P-STS, BON-1 and QGP-1, displayed a neuroendocrine phenotype while three others, KRJ-I, L-STS and H-STS, did not. Instead, these three cell lines were identified as lymphoblastoid. Characterisation of remaining authentic GEPNET cell lines by copy number profiling showed that GOT1, among other chromosomal alterations, harboured losses on c...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 14, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hofving, T., Arvidsson, Y., Almobarak, B., Inge, L., Pfragner, R., Persson, M., Stenman, G., Kristiansson, E., Johanson, V., Nilsson, O. Tags: Research Source Type: research
PTGS2 polymorphism rs689466 favors breast cancer recurrence in obese patients
In conclusion, cyclooxygenase-2 genotyping may add to the prognostic evaluation of obese breast cancer patients. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 14, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Freitas-Alves, D. R., Vieira-Monteiro, H. d. A., Piranda, D. N., Sobral-Leite, M., da Silva, T. S. L., Bergmann, A., Santos Valenca, S., Perini, J. A., Vianna-Jorge, R. Tags: Research Source Type: research
DICER1 gene mutations in endocrine tumors
In this review, the importance of the DICER1 gene in the function of endocrine cells is discussed. There is conclusive evidence that DICER1 mutations play a crucial role in the development, progression, cell proliferation, therapeutic responsiveness and behavior of several endocrine tumors. We review the literature of DICER1 gene mutations in thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal gland, endocrine pancreas, paragangliomas, medullary, adrenocortical, ovarian and testicular tumors. Although significant progress has been made during the last few years, much more work is needed to fully understand the significance of DICER1 m...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Solarski, M., Rotondo, F., Foulkes, W. D., Priest, J. R., Syro, L. V., Butz, H., Cusimano, M. D., Kovacs, K. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Inflammation and PD-L1 expression in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors
In the light of novel cancer immune therapies, the status of antitumor inflammatory response and its regulation has gained much attention in patients with lung cancer. Ample datasets exist for non-small-cell lung cancer, but those for pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are scarce and controversial. Here, tumor-associated inflammation, CD8+ cell infiltration and PD-L1 status were evaluated in a cohort of 57 resected carcinoids and 185 resected neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung (58 large cell carcinomas and 127 small cell carcinomas). Data were correlated with clinicopathological factors and survival. Moderate or high tumor...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kasajima, A., Ishikawa, Y., Iwata, A., Steiger, K., Oka, N., Ishida, H., Sakurada, A., Suzuki, H., Kameya, T., Konukiewitz, B., Kloppel, G., Okada, Y., Sasano, H., Weichert, W. Tags: Research Source Type: research
miR-205 targets angiogenesis and EMT concurrently in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
The current study aims to evaluate for the first time the inhibitory roles of miR-205 in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms by which miR-205 regulates angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Two anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines were transfected with the expression vector pCMV-MIR-205. Selected markers of angiogenesis and EMT including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were investigated by Western blot. The interaction of miR-205 expression with EMT and angiogenesis wer...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vosgha, H., Ariana, A., Smith, R. A., Lam, A. K.-y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Telotristat ethyl in carcinoid syndrome: safety and efficacy in the TELECAST phase 3 trial
Telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, was efficacious and well tolerated in the phase 3 TELESTAR study in patients with carcinoid syndrome (CS) experiencing ≥4 bowel movements per day (BMs/day) while on somatostatin analogs (SSAs). TELECAST, a phase 3 companion study, assessed the safety and efficacy of telotristat ethyl in patients with CS (diarrhea, flushing, abdominal pain, nausea or elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (u5-HIAA)) with <4 BMs/day on SSAs (or ≥1 symptom or ≥4 BMs/day if not on SSAs) during a 12-week double-blind treatment period followed by a 36-week open-label extensi...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pavel, M., Gross, D. J., Benavent, M., Perros, P., Srirajaskanthan, R., Warner, R. R. P., Kulke, M. H., Anthony, L. B., Kunz, P. L., Horsch, D., Weickert, M. O., Lapuerta, P., Jiang, W., Kassler-Taub, K., Wason, S., Fleming, R., Fleming, D., Garcia-Carbon Tags: Research Source Type: research
IAPs cause resistance to TRAIL-dependent apoptosis in follicular thyroid cancer
Follicular thyroid cancer’s (FTC) excellent long-term prognosis is mainly dependent on postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. However, once the tumour becomes refractory, the 10-year disease-specific survival rate drops below 10%. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic and biological role of the TRAIL system in FTC and to elucidate the influence of small-molecule-mediated antagonisation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) on TRAIL sensitivity in vitro. Tissue microarrays were constructed from forty-four patients with histologically confirmed FTC. Expression levels of TRAIL and its recept...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Werner, T. A., Nolten, I., Dizdar, L., Riemer, J. C., Schutte, S. C., Verde, P. E., Raba, K., Schott, M., Knoefel, W. T., Krieg, A. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Tetrac downregulates {beta}-catenin and HMGA2 to promote the effect of resveratrol in colon cancer
The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer encompasses the activation of several oncogenic signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the overexpression of high mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2). Resveratrol – the polyphenolic phytoalexin – binds to integrin αvβ3 to induce apoptosis in cancer cells via cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) nuclear accumulation and p53-dependent apoptosis. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is a de-aminated derivative of l-thyroxine (T4), which – in contrast to the parental hormone – impairs cancer cell proliferation. In the current study, ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nana, A. W., Chin, Y.-T., Lin, C.-Y., Ho, Y., Bennett, J. A., Shih, Y.-J., Chen, Y.-R., Changou, C. A., Pedersen, J. Z., Incerpi, S., Liu, L. F., Whang-Peng, J., Fu, E., Li, W.-S., Mousa, S. A., Lin, H.-Y., Davis, P. J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Sex steroids in the tumor microenvironment and prostate cancer progression
This article reviews the clinical and basic research on the influence of sex steroids such as androgens, estrogens and progesterone within the prostate tumor microenvironment on the progression of prostate cancer. We review clinical studies to date evaluating serum sex steroids as prognostic biomarkers and discuss their respective biological effects within the prostate tumor microenvironment. We also review the link between genomic alterations and sex steroid levels within prostate tumors. Finally, we highlight the links between sex steroid levels and the function of the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. As ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 7, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Boibessot, C., Toren, P. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Runx2 overexpression compromises bone quality in acromegalic patients
In conclusion, this study demonstrates the key role of RUNX2 gene overexpression in causing bone impairment in acromegalic patients. It also suggests a therapeutic approach for the improvement of bone quality, focused on the osteoblastic lineage rather than the inhibition of osteoclastic activity. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Valenti, M. T., Mottes, M., Cheri, S., Deiana, M., Micheletti, V., Cosaro, E., Davi, M. V., Francia, G., Dalle Carbonare, L. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Sulforaphane metabolites cause apoptosis via microtubule disruption in cancer
Sulforaphane (SFN) inhibited growth in many cancers, but its half-life is 2 h in circulation. However, its metabolites, sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys) and sulforaphane-N-acetyl-cysteine (SFN-NAC) had longer half-lives and decreased the cell viability in both dose- and time-dependent manners in human prostate cancer. Flow cytometry assay revealed that these two SFN metabolites induced apoptosis with the features such as vacuolization, disappeared nuclear envelope, nuclear agglutination and fragmentation via transmission electron microscopy observation. Western blot showed that the sustained phosphorylation of ERK1/2 mediat...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - February 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhou, Y., Yang, G., Tian, H., Hu, Y., Wu, S., Geng, Y., Lin, K., Wu, W. Tags: Research Source Type: research
