Maternal emotion dysregulation, parenting stress, and child physiological anxiety during dark ‐enhanced startle
Abstract
Maternal emotion dysregulation (ED) plays a crucial role in the development of psychopathology in children. The current study aimed to investigate parenting stress as a mediator of the relationship between maternal emotion dysregulation and child startle potentiation, with child sex as a moderator. Mothers were interviewed to obtain self‐report of maternal ED and parenting stress and child's dark‐enhanced startle (DES) response was measured using electromyographic recordings of the eye‐blink muscle during the delivery of acoustic probes. We found that maternal ED was positively correlated with both her paren...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Minhnguyen Cao, Abigail Powers, Dorthie Cross, Bekh Bradley, Tanja Jovanovic Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The role of cardiac vagal tone and inhibitory control in pre ‐schoolers' listening comprehension
This study investigated the role of basal cardiac activity and inhibitory control at the beginning of the school year in predicting oral comprehension at the end of the year in pre‐schoolers. Forty‐three, 4‐year‐olds participated in the study. At the beginning of the school year children's electrocardiogram at rest was registered followed by the assessment of inhibitory control as well as verbal working memory and verbal ability. At the end of the year all children were administered a listening comprehension ability measure. A stepwise regression showed a significant effect of basal cardiac vagal tone in predicting...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 13, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sara Scrimin, Elisabetta Patron, Elena Florit, Daniela Palomba, Lucia Mason Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Individual variation in fathers' testosterone reactivity to infant distress predicts parenting behaviors with their 1 ‐year‐old infants. P. X. Kuo, E. K. Saini, E. Thomason, O. C. Schultheiss, R. Gonzalez, and B. L. Volling.
(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 6, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: CORRIGENDUM Source Type: research
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(Source: Developmental Psychobiology)
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - October 6, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
Toddler hand preference trajectories predict 3 ‐year language outcome
Abstract
A growing body of work suggests that early motor experience affects development in unexpected domains. In the current study, children's hand preference for role‐differentiated bimanual manipulation (RDBM) was measured at monthly intervals from 18 to 24 months of age (N = 90). At 3 years of age, children's language ability was assessed using the Preschool Language Scales 5th edition (PLS™‐5). Three distinct RDBM hand preference trajectories were identified using latent class growth analysis: (1) children with a left hand preference but a moderate amount of right hand use; (2) children with a right hand pr...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - September 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Eliza L. Nelson, Sandy L. Gonzalez, Stefany Coxe, Julie M. Campbell, Emily C. Marcinowski, George F. Michel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Increased sign ‐tracking behavior in adolescent rats
Abstract
An autoshaping procedure was used to test the notion that conditioned stimuli (CSs) gain greater incentive salience during adolescence than young adulthood under conditions of social isolation rearing and food restriction. Rats were single‐housed and placed on food restriction during 10 daily training sessions in which a lever (CS+) was presented then followed immediately by a food unconditioned stimulus (US). A second lever (CS−) was presented on intermixed trials and was not reinforced. Despite the fact that food delivery was not contingent on the rats’ behavior, all rats exhibited behaviors directed towar...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - September 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nicole E. DeAngeli, Sarah B. Miller, Heidi C. Meyer, David J. Bucci Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Maternal salivary testosterone in pregnancy and fetal neuromaturation
Abstract
Testosterone exposure during pregnancy has been hypothesized as a mechanism for sex differences in brain and behavioral development observed in the postnatal period. The current study documents the natural history of maternal salivary testosterone from 18 weeks gestation of pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, and investigates associations with fetal heart rate, motor activity, and their integration. Findings indicate maternal salivary testosterone increases with advancing gestation though no differences by fetal sex were detected. High intra‐individual stability in prenatal testosterone levels extend into the post...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - September 9, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kristin M. Voegtline, Kathleen A. Costigan, Janet A. DiPietro Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Early adolescent stress ‐induced changes in prefrontal cortex miRNA‐135a and hippocampal miRNA‐16 in male rats
Abstract
Early‐life stress increases susceptibility to post‐traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), in which the dysfunction of 5‐hydroxytryptamine plays an important role. miRNA‐135a in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and miRNA‐16 in the hippocampus (HIP) are closely related to the 5‐HT neurotransmitter system. Here, we investigated behavior, miRNA‐135a in the PFC, miRNA‐16 in the HIP, and 5‐HT1AR expression in both brain regions in adolescent and adult rats that were exposed to inescapable stress during their adolescence. Paroxetine hydrochloride and corticotropin‐releasing factor antagonist (CP‐154,526) wer...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yuan Liu, Dexiang Liu, Jingjing Xu, Hong Jiang, Fang Pan Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Glucocorticoid treatment earlier in childhood and adolescence show dose ‐response associations with diurnal cortisol levels
Abstract
Heightened levels of glucocorticoids in children and adolescents have previously been linked to prolonged changes in the diurnal regulation of the stress‐hormone cortisol, a glucocorticoid regulated by the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal‐axis (HPA‐axis). To address this question, we examined the salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR) and daily cortisol output in 36 children and adolescents (25 girls/11 boys) aged 7–16 years previously treated with glucocorticoids for nephrotic syndrome or rheumatic disorder and 36 healthy controls. Patients and controls did not significantly differ in the CAR or diu...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - September 1, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Martin Vestergaard, Sara K. Holm, Peter Uldall, Hartwig R. Siebner, Olaf B. Paulson, William F.C. Baar é, Kathrine S. Madsen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
An assessment of hair cortisol among postpartum Brazilian mothers and infants from a high ‐risk community in São Paulo: Intra‐individual stability and association in mother–infant dyads
This study examined maternal–infant synchrony of hair cortisol at 12 months after birth and the intra‐individual stability of maternal hair cortisol in the postpartum period. Participants were selected from an ongoing São Paulo birth cohort project, where families are considered to be “high‐risk” due to their chronic stress experiences, with the majority living in slums (favelas). Cortisol was collected through 3‐cm segments of hair samples, with values representing approximate levels of cortisol from 9 to 12 months for mothers and children and 6 to 12 months for mothers. Maternal and infant cortisol values re...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - August 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cindy H. Liu, G ünther Fink, Helena Brentani, Alexandra Brentani Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Parental depression and parent and child stress physiology: Moderation by parental hostility
This study examined the moderating role of parental hostility on the associations between parental depression and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and morning cortisol levels of both parents and children. 148 parents and 148 preschool‐aged children provided salivary cortisol samples at waking, 30 and 45 min post‐waking on two consecutive days. Parental depression was assessed using a clinical interview, and parental hostility was assessed using an observational parent‐child interaction task. Results indicated that the combination of parental lifetime depression and high parental hostility was associated with l...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - August 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Stephanie M. Merwin, Katherine A. Leppert, Victoria C. Smith, Lea R. Dougherty Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
School ‐age children's neural sensitivity to horizontal orientation energy in faces
Abstract
Face processing mechanisms are tuned to specific low‐level features including mid‐range spatial frequencies and horizontal orientation energy. Behaviorally, adult observers are more effective at face recognition tasks when these information channels are available. Neural responses to face images also reflect these information biases: Face‐sensitive ERP components respond preferentially to face images that contain horizontal orientation energy. How does neural tuning of face representations to horizontal information develop? Behavioral results show that this information bias increases over time such that youn...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - August 23, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Benjamin Balas, Amanda E. van Lamsweerde, Alyson Saville, Jamie Schmidt Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
“What” and “where” was when? Memory for the temporal order of episodic events in children
Abstract
In the past, researchers have shown that the individual components of episodic memory (i.e “what,” “where,” and “when”) may emerge at different points in development. Specifically, while children as young as three can accurately report the “what” and “where” of an event, they struggle to accurately report when the event occurred. One explanation for children's difficulty in reporting when an event took place is a rudimentary understanding, and ability to use, temporal terms. In the current experiment, we employed a physical timeline to aid children's reporting of the order in which a series of ...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - August 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Damian Scarf, Hannah Boden, Lisa G. Labuschagne, Julien Gross, Harlene Hayne Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
The intersensory redundancy hypothesis: Extending the principle of unimodal facilitation to prenatal development
Abstract
Selective attention to different properties of stimulation provides the foundation for perception, learning, and memory. The Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis (IRH) proposes that early in development information presented redundantly across two or more modalities (multimodal) selectively recruits attention to and enhances perceptual learning of amodal properties, whereas information presented to a single sense modality (unimodal) enhances perceptual learning of modality‐specific properties. The present study is the first to assess this principle of unimodal facilitation in non‐human animals in prenatal develo...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - August 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Robert Lickliter, Lorraine E. Bahrick, Jimena Vaillant ‐Mekras Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender
Abstract
Male gender is considered a risk factor for several adverse perinatal outcomes. Fetal gender effect on fetal heart rate (FHR) has been subject of several studies with contradictory results. The importance of maternal heart rate (MHR) monitoring during labor has also been investigated, but less is known about the effect of fetal gender on MHR. The aim of this study is to simultaneously assess maternal and FHR variability during labor in relation with fetal gender. Simultaneous MHR and FHR recordings were obtained from 44 singleton term pregnancies during the last 2 hr of labor (H1,H2). Heart rate tracings were an...
Source: Developmental Psychobiology - August 21, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hern âni Gonçalves, Diana Fernandes, Paula Pinto, Diogo Ayres‐de‐Campos, João Bernardes Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
