Altered microRNA processing proteins in HPV-induced cancers
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 39Author(s): Barbara C Snoek, Iris Babion, Danijela Koppers-Lalic, Dirk M Pegtel, Renske DM SteenbergenHigh-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) infections are associated with the development of anogenital cancers, in particular cervical cancer, and a subset of head and neck cancers. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the development and progression of HPV-induced malignancies. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that exist as multiple length and sequence variants, termed isomiRs. Efficient processing of miRNAs and generati...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - August 11, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
HIV-1 persistence in the central nervous system: viral and host determinants during antiretroviral therapy
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 38Author(s): EF Balcom, WC Roda, EA Cohen, MY Li, C PowerDespite remarkable therapeutic advances in the past two decades, the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from latent reservoirs constitutes a major barrier to eradication and preventing neurological disease associated with HIV/AIDS. Invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV-1 occurs early in infection, leading to viral infection and productive persistence in brain macrophage-like cells (BMCs) including resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. HIV-1 persi...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - August 4, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Human papillomavirus vaccine disease impact beyond expectations
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 39Author(s): Silvia de Sanjose, Maria Brotons, D Scott LaMontagne, Laia BruniSince 2006, 115 countries and territories have introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs.Several efforts have been undertaken to evaluate the impact of HPV vaccines. Many countries, mainly high-income and with high screening coverage, are already reporting a visible impact of the HPV vaccine on HPV-related diseases. Others, largely low-income and middle-income countries, are introducing HPV vaccine to control HPV diseases that will undoubtedly generate a si...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - August 3, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The case for BK polyomavirus as a cause of bladder cancer
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 39Author(s): Gabriel J Starrett, Christopher B BuckIn 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer judged Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) to be a probable human carcinogen. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV, a distant cousin of MCPyV) was ruled a possible carcinogen. In this review, we argue that it has recently become reasonable to view both of these viruses as known human carcinogens. In particular, several complementary lines of evidence support a causal role for BKPyV in the development of bladder carcinomas affecting organ transplant patients. T...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 27, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
BK polyomavirus is a cause of bladder cancer
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 39Author(s): Gabriel J Starrett, Christopher B BuckIn 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer judged Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) to be a probable human carcinogen. BK polyomavirus (BKPyV, a distant cousin of MCPyV) was ruled a possible carcinogen. In this review, we argue that it has recently become reasonable to view both of these viruses as known human carcinogens. In particular, several complementary lines of evidence support a causal role for BKPyV in the development of bladder carcinomas affecting organ transplant patients. T...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 21, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial overview: Viruses and the microbiome
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2019Source: Current Opinion in VirologyAuthor(s): Stephanie M Karst, Christiane E Wobus (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 21, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
A broad drug arsenal to attack a strenuous latent HIV reservoir
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 38Author(s): Mateusz Stoszko, Enrico Ne, Erik Abner, Tokameh MahmoudiHIV cure is impeded by the persistence of a strenuous reservoir of latent but replication competent infected cells, which remain unsusceptible to c-ART and unrecognized by the immune system for elimination. Ongoing progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms that control HIV transcription and latency has led to the development of strategies to either permanently inactivate the latent HIV infected reservoir of cells or to stimulate the virus to emerge out of latency, coupled t...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 17, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Regulating cellular plasticity to persist: a way for tumor viruses to triumph
Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 39Author(s): Vural Yilmaz, Katerina StratiGraphical abstract (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 12, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Virome–host interactions in intestinal health and disease
Publication date: August 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 37Author(s): Sang-Uk Seo, Mi-Na KweonThe enteric virome consists largely of bacteriophages and prophages related to commensal bacteria. Bacteriophages indirectly affect the host immune system by targeting their associated bacteria; however, studies suggest that bacteriophages also have distinct pathways that enable them to interact directly with the host. Eukaryotic viruses are less abundant than bacteriophages but are more efficient in the stimulation of host immune responses. Acute, permanent, and latent viral infections are detected by different ty...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 9, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Enteric viruses exploit the microbiota to promote infection
Publication date: August 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 37Author(s): Christopher M RobinsonEnteric viruses infect the mammalian gastrointestinal tract which is home to a diverse community of intestinal bacteria. Accumulating evidence suggests that certain enteric viruses utilize these bacteria to promote infection. While this is not surprising considering their proximity, multiple viruses from different viral families have been shown to bind directly to bacteria or bacterial components to aid in viral replication, pathogenesis, and transmission. These data suggest that the concept of a single virus infecti...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - July 6, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Elite controllers and lessons learned for HIV-1 cure
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 38Author(s): Cecilio Lopez-Galindez, Maria Pernas, Concepcion Casado, Isabel Olivares, Ramon Lorenzo-RedondoFollowing the success of HIV-1 antiviral treatment that maintains undetectable levels of viral replication and lack of clinical progression, the design of an HIV-1 cure for patients became the next objective. The success of the treated individuals together with the identification of subjects that spontaneously control the clinical progression for long periods, such as long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) and particularly LTNP Elite Controllers (LT...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - June 28, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
What is (not) known about the dynamics of the human gut virome in health and disease
Publication date: August 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 37Author(s): Leen Beller, Jelle MatthijnssensThe human gut virome has an important role in human health but its dynamics remain poorly understood. Few longitudinal studies in healthy adults showed a stable temporal gut virome, with high inter-individual diversity. In contrast, the infant virome shows a high temporal intra-individual diversity. Unfortunately, these virome studies ignore an enormous amount of unknown ‘dark matter’ sequences, leading to incomplete analyses and possibly incorrect conclusions. Also, the interactions between prokaryotes...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - June 27, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial overview: Virus structure and expression
Publication date: Available online 25 June 2019Source: Current Opinion in VirologyAuthor(s): Juliana Reis Cortines, Peter Prevelige (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - June 25, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
A long-distance relationship: the commensal gut microbiota and systemic viruses
Publication date: August 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 37Author(s): Emma S Winkler, Larissa B ThackrayRecent advances defining the role of the commensal gut microbiota in the development, education, induction, function, and maintenance of the mammalian immune system inform our understanding of how immune responses govern the outcome of systemic virus infection. While characterization of the impact of the local oral, respiratory, dermal and genitourinary microbiota on host immune responses and systemic virus infection is in its infancy, the gut microbiota interacts with host immunity systemically and at di...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - June 19, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Virome and bacteriome: two sides of the same coin
Publication date: August 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 37Author(s): Jonathan Stern, George Miller, Xin Li, Deepak SaxenaAlthough bacterial dysbiosis has been previously associated with carcinogenesis and HIV infection, the impact of the virome and these disease states has been less well studied. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the interplay between both the bacterial and the viral components of the microbiome on cancer and HIV pathogenesis. Bacterial dysbiosis has been associated with carcinogenesis such as colorectal cancer (CRC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer, breast ...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - June 7, 2019 Category: Virology Source Type: research
