Genome-wide approaches to unravelling host–virus interactions in Dengue and Zika infections
Publication date: February 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 34Author(s): Aaron F Carlin, Sujan ShrestaGenomics approaches are increasingly utilized to probe host–viral interactions and identify mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and host-subversion. Here we review recent studies that utilize Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screens, transcriptomics and epigenomics to gain insight into Dengue and Zika virus infections in humans. We discuss the benefits and limitations of recently utilized techniques that separate virally infected cells from neighboring uninfected cells t...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - December 19, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 33Author(s): (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - December 6, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial overview: Plant virus–vector interactions
Publication date: December 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 33Author(s): Anna E Whitfield, Ralf G Dietzgen (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - December 6, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial overview: Multicomponent viral systems
Publication date: December 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 33Author(s): Yannis Michalakis, Stéphane Blanc (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - December 6, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Molecular interactions between tospoviruses and thrips vectors
Publication date: December 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 33Author(s): Dorith Rotenberg, Anna E WhitfieldThrips-transmitted tospoviruses are an emerging and re-emerging threat to crop production worldwide. Tospoviruses are transstadially transmitted from larval to pupal stages of development, with adults serving as the primary inoculators of plants. A unique feature of the transmission cycle is that adults—while they can acquire virus from plants directly—are competent as vectors only if they acquire virus as larvae. Thrips vectors also serve as hosts for the virus, supporting its replication in midgut...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 28, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Plant rhabdoviruses—their origins and vector interactions
Publication date: December 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 33Author(s): Anna E Whitfield, Ordom Brian Huot, Kathleen M Martin, Hideki Kondo, Ralf G DietzgenClassical plant rhabdoviruses infect monocot and dicot plants, have unsegmented negative-sense RNA genomes and have been taxonomically classified in the genera Cytorhabdovirus and Nucleorhabdovirus. These viruses replicate in their hemipteran vectors and are transmitted in a circulative-propagative mode and virus infection persists for the life of the insect. Based on the discovery of numerous novel rhabdoviruses in arthropods during metagenomic studies ...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 28, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Broadly protective influenza vaccines: design and production platforms
Publication date: February 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 34Author(s): Husni Elbahesh, Giulietta Saletti, Thomas Gerlach, Guus F RimmelzwaanEffective vaccines are the cornerstone of our defenses against acute influenza virus infections that result in ∼500 000 annual deaths worldwide. For decades, an on-going concerted effort has been to develop a universal influenza vaccine to combat the looming threat of potentially pandemic emerging and re-emerging influenza viruses. To address the need for rapid efficacious vaccines that could mitigate the impact of seasonal and future pandemics, multiple platforms ...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 28, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Hepatitis E virus: reasons for emergence in humans
Publication date: February 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 34Author(s): Harini Sooryanarain, Xiang-Jin MengHepatitis E virus (HEV) infects both humans and other animal species. Recently, we have seen a steady increase in autochthonous cases of human HEV infection in certain areas especially in Europe, and large outbreaks in several African countries among the displaced population. This mini-review critically analyzes potential host, environmental, and viral factors that may be associated with the emergence of hepatitis E in humans. The existence of numerous HEV reservoir animals such as pig, deer and rabbit...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 28, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Arenavirus genomics: novel insights into viral diversity, origin, and evolution
Publication date: February 2019Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 34Author(s): Chiara Pontremoli, Diego Forni, Manuela SironiNext-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized our knowledge of virus diversity and evolution. In the case of arenaviruses, which are the focus of this review, metagenomic/metatranscriptomic approaches identified reptile-infecting and fish-infecting viruses, also showing that bi-segmented genomes are not a universal feature of the Arenaviridae family. Novel mammarenaviruses were described, allowing inference of their geographic origin and evolutionary dynamics. Extensive sequenc...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 28, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: October 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 32Author(s): (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 23, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial overview: Engineering for viral resistance
Publication date: October 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 32Author(s): Shou-Wei Ding (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 23, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Editorial overview: Viruses and cancer
Publication date: October 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 32Author(s): Cary Moody, Erle Robertson (Source: Current Opinion in Virology)
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 23, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Population bottlenecks in multicomponent viruses: first forays into the uncharted territory of genome-formula drift
Publication date: December 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 33Author(s): Serafín Gutiérrez, Mark P ZwartMulticomponent viral systems face specific challenges when enduring population bottlenecks. These systems can lose coding information due to the lack of co-encapsidation of all the genetic information, at least in a proportion of the capsids in a population. Moreover, bottlenecks can also impact one of the main potential advantages of multicomponent systems: the regulation of gene expression through changes in gene copy frequencies at the population level. How these systems cope with population bottlenec...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 23, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity in insects and their possible application
Publication date: October 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 32Author(s): Mayke Leggewie, Esther SchnettlerAntiviral RNA interference (RNAi) in insects is known for some time. Previously, data from the model organism Drosophila was lightly transferred to other insects. However, since more research is performed on other insects, both similarities and important differences among the RNAi pathways of insects are revealed.The piRNA pathway, for example, is suggested to have antiviral functions in mosquitoes, which is unknown for other insects. Moreover, production of viral cDNA from RNA viruses during infection an...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Viral resistance in HCV infection
Publication date: October 2018Source: Current Opinion in Virology, Volume 32Author(s): Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Valeria Cento, Velia Chiara Di Maio, Carlo Federico Perno, Antonio CraxìThe introduction of new multi-genotypic direct acting antivirals (DAA) in clinical practice has revolutionized HCV treatment, permitting the achievement of>95% rates of sustained virological response in many patients. However, virological failures can occur particularly if the treatments are sub optimal and/or with too short duration. Failure is often associated with development of resistance. The wide genetic variability in terms o...
Source: Current Opinion in Virology - November 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
