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Sarcoma –The standard-bearer in cancer discovery
In battle, the standard-bearer honorarily carries the flag, which represents the nobility and purpose of continuing the fight. In the war on cancer many advances have been made that surround the more common cancers such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. However, there are these rare tumors of mesenchymal origin, sarcomas, which have disproportionately advanced the front lines of our understanding of cancer mechanisms. It is because of sarcoma research that we even know what oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jared W. Potter, Kevin B. Jones, Jared J. Barrott Source Type: research

Role of Bevacizumab in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma
In the recent years, angiogenetic inhibitors have emerged for the treatment of several malignancies. In particular, bevacizumab has proved to be effective in many types of cancers (including sarcoma), but the limitations of antiangiogenic therapy have been shown in practice. Here, we sought to review the current evidence on the role and efficacy of bevacizumab in patients affected by uterine leiomyosarcoma. On April 2017, Literature was searched in order to identify studies reporting outcomes of patients affected either by early stage or advanced/recurred uterine leiomyosarcoma undergoing treatment with bevacizumab, alone ...
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Giorgio Bogani, Antonino Ditto, Fabio Martineli, Mauro Signorelli, Valentina Chiappa, Caterina Fonatella, Roberta Sanfilippo, Umberto Leone Roberti Maggiore, Simone Ferrero, Domenica Lorusso, Francesco Raspagliesi Source Type: research

Cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy: A review of both cytotoxic and molecular targeted oncology therapies and their effect on the cardiovascular system
Cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy and targeted drugs are ubiquitous and challenging in the field of oncology therapeutics. The broad spectrum of toxicities ranging from ischemic, hypertensive, cardiomyopathic, and arrhythmic complications can present as a significant challenge for clinicians treating cancer patients. If early diagnosis and intervention of cardiotoxic complications is missed, this can lead to delay or abrogation of planned treatment, which can potentially culminate to significant morbidity due to not only the cardiotoxic complications but also the progression of cancer. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Hani M Babiker, Ali McBride, Michael Newton, Leigh M. Boehmer, Adrienne Goeller Drucker, Mollie Gowan, Manouchkathe Cassagnol, Todd D. Camenisch, Faiz Anwer, James M. Hollands Source Type: research

Clinical importance of DNA repair in sporadic colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, despite the scientific efforts to provide a molecular classification to improve CRC clinical practice management, prognosis and therapeutic decision are still strongly dependent on the TNM staging system. Mismatch repair system deficiencies can occur in many organs, but it is mainly a hallmark of CRC influencing clinical outcomes and response to therapy. This review will discuss the effect of the modulation of other DNA repair pathways (direct, excision and double strand break repairs) in the clinical and pathological aspects of c...
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gustavo A. Laporte, Natalia M. Leguisamo, Antonio N. Kalil, Jenifer Saffi Source Type: research

Going the distance: are we losing patients along the multiple myeloma treatment pathway?
This article discusses these findings and their implications for clinical practice. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Evangelos Terpos, Florence Suzan, Hartmut Goldschmidt Source Type: research

Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Patients with Brain Metastases from Solid Tumors: A Review of Published Nomograms
To review published nomograms that predict endpoints such as overall survival (OS) or risk of intracranial relapse in patients with brain metastases from solid tumors. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Carsten Nieder, Minesh P. Mehta, Hans Geinitz, Anca L. Grosu Source Type: research

Targeting the tumor promoting effects of adenosine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematological malignancy which is characterized by progressive accumulation of functionally deficient B cells in blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissue. The tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to play a critical role in genesis and progression of CLL. High levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO) are detected in CLL as a consequence of expression of ecto-enzymes, such as CD39 and CD73. Extracellular ADO exhibits a broad range of effects on cell cycle control, immunoregulation, angiogenesis and cytokine regulation through both direct and indirect mechanisms. (Source: Critical Review...
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yiqing Cai, Lili Feng, Xin Wang Source Type: research

Genetic alterations crossing the borders of distinct hematopoetic lineages and solid tumors: Diagnostic challenges in the era of high-throughput sequencing in hemato-oncology
Following the establishment of cytogenetics as well as “traditional” molecular techniques (PCR, fluorescent-based molecular methods such as real-time PCR, and Sanger sequencing) within the last four to five decades, a multitude of genetic alterations have been identified to be typical and crucial for distinct hematologic entities, like t(9;22)(q34;q 11)/BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or t(15;17)/PML-RARA in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and became relevant for diagnosis, classification, prognostication and therapeutic planning in hematologic and solid malignancies. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Evgenii Shumilov, Johanna Flach, Thomas Pabst, Martin Fiedler, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer, Lorenz Tr ümper, Raphael Joncourt, Alexander Kohlmann, Ulrike Bacher Source Type: research

Sarcoma –The Standard-bearer in cancer discovery
In battle, the standard-bearer honorarily carries the flag, which represents the nobility and purpose of continuing the fight. In the war on cancer many advances have been made that surround the more common cancers such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. However, there are these rare tumors of mesenchymal origin, sarcomas, which have disproportionately advanced the front lines of our understanding of cancer mechanisms. It is because of sarcoma research that we even know what oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 29, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jared W. Potter, Kevin B. Jones, Jared J. Barrott Source Type: research

Biological aspects of chondrosarcoma: Leaps and hurdles
Chondrosarcomas are characterized by their chemo- and radioresistance leading to a therapeutic surgical approach which remains the only available treatment with a 10-year survival between 30% and 80% depending on the grade. Non-surgical treatments are under investigation and rely on an accurate biological understanding of drug resistance mechanisms. Novel targeted therapy which represents a new relevant therapeutic approach will open new treatment options by targeting several pathways responsible for processes of proliferation and invasion. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Beno îte Mery, Sophie Espenel, Jean-Baptiste Guy, Chloé Rancoule, Alexis Vallard, Marie-Thérèse Aloy, Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse, Nicolas Magné Source Type: research

EpCAM duality becomes this molecule in a new Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde tale
EpCAM, known as an epithelial cell adhesion molecule, plays an essential role in cell adhesion, migration, metastasis and cell signalling. Rather than acting as an apoptosis antagonist, it induces cellular proliferation that impacts the cell cycle, and as a signalling transducer it uses and enhances the Wnt pathway, which is significantly relevant in cell renewal and cancer. EpCAM has become a marker of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in lung cancer due to its specificity, and its high and stable expression level. (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Alejandro Herreros-Pomares, Crist óbal Aguilar-Gallardo, Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas, Rafael Sirera, Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre, Carlos Camps Source Type: research

Meeting the needs of breast cancer: A nucleolin ’s perspective
Nucleolin has emerged in the cancer scene as a potential target. Nucleolin participates in various cellular functions controlling different components of RNA and DNA metabolism, including ribosome biogenesis, ribosomal (r)RNA maturation, ribosomal (r)DNA transcription and chromatin structure (Ginisty et al., 1999; Srivastava and Pollard, 1999). Therefore, nucleolin is mainly located at the dense fibrillar and granular regions of the nucleolus and nucleoplasm (Lischwe et al., 1981). Nonetheless, different pools of nucleolin, in the cytoplasm and cell membrane, have also been demonstrated to exhibit important functions (Sriv...
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ana C. Greg ório, Manuela Lacerda, Paulo Figueiredo, Sérgio Simões, Sérgio Dias, João Nuno Moreira Source Type: research

Radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer
The occurrence of thyroid cancer has been steeply increasing over the last several decades (Lim et al., 2017). Surveillance and Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data revealed that there might be approximately 56,870 new reports of thyroid cancer in patients and about 2010 deaths due to the disease in 2017 (Thyroid Cancer Stat Facts, 2018). Further, by 2030, thyroid cancer is predicted to be the second-leading cancer that is diagnosed in women and the ninth-leading in men (Rahib et al., 2014). (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yuchen Jin, Douglas Van Nostrand, Lingxiao Cheng, Min Liu, Libo Chen Source Type: research

When and how to treat women with HER2-positive, small (pT1a-b), node-negative breast cancer?
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in the United States and Western Europe (Siegel et al., 2016). (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Stefania Gori, Monica Turazza, Alessandra Modena, Simona Duranti, Giuseppe Zamboni, Filippo Alongi, Giovanni Carbognin, Alberto Massocco, Matteo Salgarello, Alessandro Inno Source Type: research

Radioiodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
The occurrence of thyroid cancer has been steeply increasing over the last several decades (Lim et al., 2017). Surveillance and Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data revealed that there might be approximately 56,870 new reports of thyroid cancer in patients and about 2,010 deaths due to the disease in 2017 (Thyroid Cancer Stat Facts, 2018). Further, by 2030, thyroid cancer is predicted to be the second-leading cancer that is diagnosed in women and the ninth-leading in men (Rahib et al., 2014). (Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology)
Source: Critical Reviews in Oncology Hematology - March 22, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yuchen Jin, Douglas Van Nostrand, Lingxiao Cheng, Min Liu, Libo Chen Source Type: research