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Blood Transfusion Indications in Neurosurgical Patients: A Systematic Review
Neurosurgical procedures can be complicated by significant blood losses requiring red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs). However, the precise level or extent of anemia that is clinically relevant is unclear, as the effect of low tissue perfusion and oxygenation is likely tissue dependent and can vary between patients [1]. Decreased tissue perfusion becomes particularly important in neurosurgical patients due to the possibility of secondary cerebral injury. Still, controversy exists regarding thresholds for transfusion and what types of transfusions are most meaningful in these patients. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Shefali Bagwe, Lawrance K. Chung, Carlito Lagman, Brittany L. Voth, Natalie E. Barnette, Lekaa Elhajjmoussa, Isaac Yang Source Type: research

A comparison of local bone graft with PEEK cage versus iliac bone graft used in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is one of the most common reasons of spinal cord dysfunction in the elder. Caused by compression of the spinal cord due to the degeneration of the cervical spine, CSM may result in pain and/or weakness in the arms and legs, with the potential to significantly decrease quality of life in patients. Since Smith and Robinson [1] first applied anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to patients with CSM using autologous bone graft, the procedure has grown to become the standard for the treatment of CSM with anterior pathology. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jia-Ming Liu, Xu Xiong, Ai-Fen Peng, Min Xu, Xuan-Yin Chen, Xin-Hua Long, Risheng Xu, Zhi-Li Liu Source Type: research

The Prognostic Value of Preoperative Participation in Activities of Daily Living on Postoperative Outcomes Following Lumbar Discectomy
Over 300,000 lumbar discectomies are performed each year in the United States [1]. The efficacy of this procedure has been demonstrated in a number of studies [2,3]. Though commonly cited to be successful in about 80 percent of cases, reported rates have ranged from 49% to 90%, depending on the definition of success [4,5]. Given the imperfect success rate, any additional information that could improve patient selection and forecast results would be useful. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 16, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Dana A. Leonard, Andrew J. Schoenfeld, Mitchel B. Harris, Christopher M. Bono Source Type: research

Unilateral oculomotor palsy in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A (CMT 1A)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) type 1A is the most common form of CMT 1 and one of the autosomal dominant demyelinating hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN). Clinical signs commonly comprise those of length-dependent neuropathy, i.e. progressive muscle weakness, atrophy and pareses of distal limb muscles, loss of ankle reflex responses, and sensory loss in feet and hands. CMT 1A becomes manifest in the second decade of life and is most often diagnosed clinically. It is linked with DNA duplication of peripheral myelin protein 22 gene (PMP-22) on chromosome 17p11.2 in the majority of cases [1]. (Source: Clinic...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 11, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: A. Posa, A. Emmer, M.E. Kornhuber Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Comorbidity influences therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis
The recent introduction of new drugs represents a significant advance in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), affording clinicians broader options for disease management. However, the availability of multiple therapeutic possibilities has inevitably created discussion about the choice of the best treatment for each patient. Clinical decision comes from an overall assessment of drug characteristics (such as efficacy, safety, tolerability, need of monitoring) and patient features. Among these, the presence of specific comorbidities is of particular relevance. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 9, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Fioravante Capone, Elisabetta Ferraro, Lucia Florio, Antonella Marcoccia, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giancarlo Di Battista Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Reversible opercular syndrome secondary to osmotic demyelination
Opercular syndrome (OPS) also known as Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome is facio-labio-glosso-pharyngo-laryngo-brachial paralysis with intact autonomic, involuntary and reflexive movements. It is considered as a cortical equivalent of pseudobulbar palsy. The most common cause of OPS is ischemia although it can be due to various other causes [1]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 9, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Shuchit Pandey, Vikram V. Holla, Imran Rizvi, Rakesh Shukla Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Nonmotor symptoms in de novo Parkinson disease comparing to normal aging
The Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative brain disorders [1]. More recently, non-motor symptoms (NMS), such as psychiatric, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction symptoms and others, have been recognized as a potential cause of disability and deterioration of PD patients ’ quality of life [2–4]. NMS of PD occur throughout the disease course. There is evidence that certain NMS are present at disease onset or even may precede motor symptoms [5–8]. It has been suggested that some of the non-motor investigations could be added to support the diagnosis of Parkinson disease [8,9]. (Source: Cl...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 9, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Petra Bago Ro žanković, Marjan Rožanković, Lovorka Vučak Novosel, Maristela Stojić Source Type: research

Comorbidity influences therapeutic approach in multiple sclerosis.
The recent introduction of new drugs represents a significant advance in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), affording clinicians broader options for disease management. However, the availability of multiple therapeutic possibilities has inevitably created discussion about the choice of the best treatment for each patient. Clinical decision comes from an overall assessment of drug characteristics (such as efficacy, safety, tolerability, need of monitoring) and patient features. Among these, the presence of specific comorbidities is of particular relevance. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 9, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Fioravante Capone, Elisabetta Ferraro, Lucia Florio, Antonella Marcoccia, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giancarlo Di Battista Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Patients with chronic dizziness following traumatic head injury typically have multiple diagnoses involving combined peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction
Traumatic head injury (THI) is the commonest cause of disability in young adults [1] and chronic vestibular symptoms (CVS) of dizziness and imbalance are amongst the commonest causes for post-traumatic morbidity affecting up to half of patients at 5 years [2,3]. Vestibular symptoms are an independent predictor of failure to return to work with two-thirds of mild THI patients with vestibular symptoms not back at work at 6 months compared to one-quarter of THI patients without vestibular symptoms [3]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 6, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Q. Arshad, R.E. Roberts, H. Ahmad, R. Lobo, M. Patel, T. Ham, D.J. Sharp, B.M. Seemungal Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

Does suboccipital decompression and evacuation of intraparenchymal hematoma improve neurological outcome in patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage?
Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhages (SCH) can lead to life-threatening complications with high mortality rates of 20-50%. Although complications of SCH can be prevented by surgical therapy, there is a lack of consensus concerning the optimal surgical technique for evacuating SCH. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - February 2, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Katharina A.M. Hackenberg, Andreas W. Unterberg, Carla S. Jung, Julian B ösel, Silvia Schönenberger, Klaus Zweckberger Source Type: research

Novel TSC1 and TSC2 gene mutations in Chinese patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), first described in 1862, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of high penetrance [1]. It has an incidence of 1/6000 to 1/10,000 live births and is characterized by hamartomas in multiple organ systems, including the brain, skin, heart, kidneys, and lung [2 –4]. The phenotypic manifestations of the disease are highly variable. It often causes disabling neurologic disorders such as epilepsy and skin lesions such as hypomelanotic macules. Cardiac rhabdomyomas, retinal hamartomas, renal angiomyolipomas, and pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis can also occur. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 30, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Tingting Yu, Yingzhong He, Niu Li, Yunqing Zhou, Zhiping Wang, Qihua Fu, Jiwen Wang, Jian Wang Source Type: research

Outcomes of autograft alone versus PEEK+ autograft interbody fusion in the treatment of adult lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis
Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and internal fixation are widely used for treating lumbar spondylolisthesis and have shown good therapeutic effects [1,2]. Autografts and interbody cages are used in PLIF. The spinous process, lamina, and facet joint obtained from decompressive surgical resection are good graft materials for PLIF [3,4], and while the use of a cage can provide better anterior interbody support than a simple autograft, it is more expensive. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 30, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Gang Wang, Dunfu Han, Zhenglin Cao, Honggang Guan, Tianhang Xuan Source Type: research

Which one is more effective for analgesia in infratentorial craniotomy? The scalp block or local anesthetic infiltration
Optimal pain treatment reduces intra and postoperative surgical stress response, therefore provides hemodynamic stability in craniotomies [1]. Pain following craniotomies has been largely investigated and reported that it could be moderate or severe during postoperative period [2 –4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 29, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Eren Fatma Akcil, Ozlem Korkmaz Dilmen, Hayriye Ertem Vehid, Lutfiye Serap Ib ısoglu, Yusuf Tunali Source Type: research

Toxocariasis of the central nervous system: with report of two cases
Toxocariasis is a widespread zoonotic parasitosis, caused by infection with the roundworm species Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati [1]. Humans become accidentally infected. Involvement of the central nervous system(CNS) is extremely rare. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 26, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Bouthouri Abir, Mansour Malek, Mrissa Ridha Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

An individualized Coaching Program for patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: feasibility study
Stroke mortality has been declining over the past decades, partially by reduced incidence of stroke and lower case-fatality rates [1]. These significant improvements are partially related to the improved cardiovascular risk factor control interventions on arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia control, and smoking cessation programs [2]. Despite evidence-based guidelines, these therapeutic strategies recommended for secondary prevention are rather modestly implemented. Significant deficiencies in secondary prevention care in the real world have been reported [3]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - January 23, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: P. Vanacker, D. Standaert, N. Libbrecht, I. Vansteenkiste, D. Bernard, L. Yperzeele, G. Vanhooren Source Type: research