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Expression of miRNA-21, miRNA-107, miRNA-137 and miRNA-29b in meningioma
Meningiomas are common central nervous system (CNS) tumors, accounting for approximately 30% of all intracranial tumors [1]. Specific gene dysfunctions have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these tumors, including the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, or excessive expression of oncogenes [2]. In addition to deletions in chromosome 22, which are the most common abnormality detected in meningiomas, loss of chromosome 1p, 3p, 6q, 10q, and 14q were also observed, particularly in atypical or malignant meningiomas. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 20, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Salim Katar, Oguz Baran, Sevket Evran, Serdar Cevik, Enes Akkaya, Gozde Baran, Veysel Antar, Hakan Hanimoglu, Mehmet Yasar Kaynar Source Type: research

Clinical Outcomes from Maximum-Safe Resection of Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors Using Awake Craniotomy
Brain tumors impose a significant disease burden with the incidence of primary brain cancer of 40.1 per 100,000 of adult population[1]. Surgical resection is a central modality in the management of brain tumors. Accordingly, the extent of surgical resection can significantly impact survival. For instance, in patients with low and high-grade gliomas, the extent of resection has been well correlated with survival in the literature [2 –4]. Moreover, the extent of resection is accepted as one of the most important factors correlating with overall survival, progression-free survival, and malignant transformation in low-grade ...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 20, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Anastasia Groshev, Devang Padalia, Sephalie Patel, Rosemarie Garcia-Getting, Solmaz Sahebjam, Peter A. Forsyth, Frank D. Vrionis, Arnold B. Etame Source Type: research

Application value of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in evaluating microstructural changes in the spinal cord of patients with early cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common degenerative disease that causes several types of motor and sensory dysfunction or even paraplegia. It may be due to the spinal cord injuries by the compression or stimulation of spinal cord by intervertebral disc protrusion or ligamentum flavum [1 –3]. Routine clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging such as T2-weighted imaging is widely performed to assess the morphological changes in cervical spondylosis, but there is only a weak correlation between the MR findings and clinical symptoms [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 18, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Daowei Li, Xiaoming Wang Source Type: research

Brain MRI findings in patients with Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Idiopathic hypersomnia is a central nervous system hypersomnolence disorder that manifests as pathologic daytime sleepiness despite sufficient sleep at night. Hypersomnia is associated with higher healthcare costs and significant socioeconomic burdens for affected patients [1]. Formal diagnostic criteria for idiopathic hypersomnia, through the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, require the presence of sleepiness lasting at least three months, accompanied by the demonstration of short sleep latency, without abnormal REM sleep, on multiple sleep latency test or the documentation of persistently long sleep times...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Lynn Marie Trotti, Donald L. Bliwise Source Type: research

A case of urinary retention in the early stages of herpes simplex virus type-1 encephalitis
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-1 encephalitis is often accompanied by urinary retention [1 –5]; however, there are no reported cases in which urinary retention has appeared in the early stages of HSV-1 encephalitis as a sole complication of encephalitis prior to visible spinal abnormalities on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images. We herein describe a such case in a 70-yea r-old man admitted to our emergency department. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Takuya Fukuoka, Yoshihiko Nakazato, Akifumi Miyake, Naotoshi Tamura, Nobuo Araki, Toshimasa Yamamoto Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Neurocognitive status in patients with newly-diagnosed brain tumors in good neurological condition: the impact of tumor type, volume, and location
Neurocognitive dysfunction is a significant problem in patients that suffer from brain tumors. Whereas the success of treatment in neurosurgical oncology is traditionally measured by the extent of tumor resection, progression free survival, and overall survival, neurocognitive dysfunction has drawn attention as another important outcome measure [1 –3]. Particularly in the early stages of the disease, neurocognitive impairment tends to be subtle and may therefore remain under recognized due to a lack of appropriate testing and patient self-awareness. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Philipp Hendrix, Elisa Hans, Christoph J. Griessenauer, Andreas Simgen, Joachim Oertel, Julia Karbach Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Rotigotine may control drooling in patients with Parkinson ’s Disease: preliminary findings
Parkinson ’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose pathological hallmark is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Associated with the “cardinal signs” (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability), patients with PD also develo p a number of disabling non-motor features, including cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms, sleep disorders, pain and autonomic dysfunctions, gastrointestinal disturbances [1]. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances include severe manifestations (dysphagia, reduced motility, constipation, infec tions, intestinal ...
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Tommaso Schirinzi, Paola Imbriani, Alessio D ’Elia, Giulia Di Lazzaro, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Antonio Pisani Source Type: research

Ventriculoatrial versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Complications in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) occurs when there is a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leading to ventricular enlargement, secondary to an unknown etiology [1]. iNPH patients manifest themselves with a triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, and urinary incontinence. iNPH affects the elderly population, with a prevalence of 0.41 –5.6% [2–6]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 17, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Alice L. Hung, Tito Vivas-Buitrago, Atif Adam, Jennifer Lu, Jamie Robison, Benjamin D. Elder, C. Rory Goodwin, Ignacio Jusu é-Torres, Daniele Rigamonti Source Type: research

Patient-Perceived Surgical Indication Influences Patient Expectations of Surgery for Degenerative Spinal Disease
Recently, various strategies have been implemented to work toward quality improvement in health care. One of these strategies is known as Pay-for-Performance, in which payments for health care are tied to performance and outcomes [1]. While at a fundamental level this strategy is straightforward, the assessment of performance is complicated, particularly in determining which measures define surgical success. Pay-for-Performance does, however, incorporate several facets of the patient experience, including subjective patient satisfaction, to measure clinical outcomes [1]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 15, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Thomas J. Wilson, Eric Franz, Carolyn F. Vollmer, Kate W-C. Chang, Cheerag Upadhyaya, Paul Park, Lynda J-S. Yang Source Type: research

Number needed to treat for stroke thrombectomy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death worldwide, which has defied treatment efforts well into the era of modern medicine [1]. Beginning in the 1990s, the NINDS rt-PA trial revolutionized medical management of acute ischemic stroke, demonstrating that rt-PA started within 3hours of symptoms results in improved outcomes at 90days (OR 1.7 [1.2 –2.6]) [2]. Three years later, the ECASS III trial showed similar results for rt-PA given within 4.5hours [3]. The number needed to treat (NNT) for rt-PA administered with 4.5hours is between 4 and 13 [4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 9, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ephraim W. Church, Alexandra Gundersen, Michael J. Glantz, Scott D. Simon Tags: Review Source Type: research

Primary central nervous system vasculitis and its mimicking diseases – clinical features, outcome, comorbidities and diagnostic results – A case control study
Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV), also known as isolated angiitis of the CNS, represents a very rare and poorly understood disease that manifests exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) [1] and that is potentially fatal. Numerous differential diagnoses have to be considered that can mimic either clinical features and/or diagnostic results, which make PCNSV a diagnostic challenge for clinicians [2,3]. According to its rarity and the diagnostic difficulties reliable registry and epidemiologic data still are lacking [4]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 7, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: J. Becker, P.A. Horn, K. Keyvani, I. Metz, C. Wegner, W. Br ück, F.M. Heinemann, J.C. Schwitalla, P. Berlit, M. Kraemer Source Type: research

Interactive eBooks in Educating Patients and their Families About Head Injury Regardless of Age
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States, costing $9.2 billion in lifetime medical bills and $51.2 billion in annual productivity loss [1]. Multiple head injuries, such as concussions, may result in cumulative neuropsychological deficits. Specifically, military veterans, football players, boxers, and other athletes who have suffered repeated head trauma, even asymptomatic subconcussive hits, have been found to develop a form of progressive tauopathy called chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) [2]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 7, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ronald Sahyouni, Amin Mahmoodi, Amir Mahmoodi, Melissa Huang, Diem Kieu Tran, Jefferson W. Chen Source Type: research

Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis and its mimicking diseases − clinical features, outcome, comorbidities and diagnostic results − a case control study
Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV), also known as isolated angiitis of the CNS, represents a very rare and poorly understood disease that manifests exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) [1] and that is potentially fatal. Numerous differential diagnoses have to be considered that can mimic either clinical features and/or diagnostic results, which make PCNSV a diagnostic challenge for clinicians [2,3]. According to its rarity and the diagnostic difficulties reliable registry and epidemiologic data still are lacking4. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 7, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: J. Becker, P.A. Horn, K. Keyvani, I. Metz, C. Wegner, W. Br ück, F.M. Heinemann, J.C. Schwitalla, P. Berlit, M. Kraemer Source Type: research

Blood blister-like aneurysms in Tibetans: A retrospective observational study
Blood blister-like aneurysms (BLAs) are a high-risk neurovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. First described in 1988, BLAs account for only 0.3%-6.6% of all intracranial aneurysms [8,11,12,17]. Their typical characteristics are fully understood as a thin hemispherical wall with a predilection to a non-branching dorsal part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) [18,27]. Due to their extremely fragile thin walls [17,28,29], severe perioperative rebleeding (33% –80%) has been a great challenge for neurosurgeons [22]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 4, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ruiqi Chen, Anqi Xiao, Hao Li, Lu Ma, Sen Lin, Chao You Source Type: research

Prognosis of pituitary adenomas in the early 1970s and today —Is there a benefit of modern surgical techniques and treatment modalities?
The development of new diagnostic modalities, surgical techniques and treatment strategies has changed the concept of pituitary adenoma therapy over the last 30 years remarkably. The computer tomographic (CT) scanning introduced by Hounsfield in 1973 [2,24 –26] and the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 1978 as described in detail by Doyle et al. in 1981 [17] represent the ‘gold standard’ methods for the diagnosis and follow up of intracranial tumors, in general. The use of the operating microscope has become a standard technique in most intracr anial procedures since the 1960s [33,56]. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)
Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery - March 2, 2017 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Stefan Linsler, Friedericke Quack, Karsten Schwerdtfeger, Joachim Oertel Source Type: research