Cancer-type organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 is a target for cancer suicide gene therapy using RNA trans-splicing technology
Cancer-type organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (Ct-OATP1B3) has been identified as a cancer-specific transcript in various solid cancers, including colorectal cancer. Given its excellent cancer-specific expression profile, we hypothesized that Ct-OATP1B3 could represent a promising target for cancer-specific expression of the suicide gene, herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-tk), via a spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing (SMaRT) approach. SMaRT technology used to recombine two RNA molecules to generate a chimeric transcript. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 27, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yuchen Sun, Josefina Pi ñón Hofbauer, Manami Harada, Katharina Wöss, Ulrich Koller, Hanae Morio, Anna Stierschneider, Keita Kitamura, Mari Hashimoto, Kan Chiba, Hidetaka Akita, Naohiko Anzai, Julia Reichelt, Johann W. Bauer, Christina Guttmann-Gruber, Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
N- α-acetyltransferase 10 protein promotes metastasis by stabilizing matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein in human osteosarcomas
N- α-Acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p) mediates N-terminal acetylation of nascent proteins. Oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles of Naa10p were reported in cancers. Here, we report an oncogenic role of Naa10p in promoting metastasis of osteosarcomas. Higher NAA10 transcripts were observed in metas tatic osteosarcoma tissues compared to non-metastatic tissues and were also correlated with a worse prognosis of patients. Knockdown and overexpression of Naa10p in osteosarcoma cells respectively led to decreased and increased cell migratory/invasive abilities. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 27, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ming-Hsien Chien, Wei-Jiunn Lee, Yi-Chieh Yang, Peng Tan, Ke-Fan Pan, Yu-Cheng Liu, Hsiao-Chi Tsai, Chun-Hua Hsu, Yu-Ching Wen, Michael Hsiao, Kuo-Tai Hua Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Dietary Phytochemical - Repositioned Drug Combinations
The tumor microenvironment is complex with the cancer stem cell (CSC) as a member within its community. This population possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause cellular heterogeneity of the tumor. CSCs are resistant to conventional anti-proliferative drugs. In order to be curative, it is imperative that CSCs must be eliminated by cancer therapy. A variety of dietary phytochemicals and repositioned drugs can act synergistically with conventional anti-cancer agents. In this review, we advocate the development of a novel approach, namely combination therapy by incorporating both phytochemicals and repositioned drugs...
Source: Cancer Letters - June 27, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Marion M. Chan, Rensa Chen, Dunne Fong Tags: Mini-review Source Type: research
Deleting MyD88 signaling in myeloid cells promotes development of adenocarcinomas of the colon
Intestinal myeloid cells are not only essential for keeping local homeostasis, but also play an important role in regulating the occurrence of colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In these diseases, the manner in which the myeloid cells work and which molecular pathways influence them are still not fully understood. In our study, we discovered that MyD88 signaling in colonic myeloid cells participates in the development of CAC. Myeloid MyD88-deficient mice showed greater susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC, as evidenced by the increase in the number and sizes of tumors. (So...
Source: Cancer Letters - June 27, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Junhua Song, Zhengtao Chen, Tingting Geng, Meixiang Wang, Shuying Yi, Kai Liu, Wei Zhou, Jiming Gao, Wengang Song, Hua Tang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
The Multifaceted Role of Glutathione S-transferases in Cancer
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxifying enzymes involved in the maintenance of cell integrity, oxidative stress and protection against DNA damage by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione to a wide variety of electrophilic substrates. Though enzymes of the glutathione synthesis and salvage pathways have been well characterized in the past, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of their independent and coordinate regulatory mechanisms in carcinogenesis. The present review discusses implication of GST in cancer development and progression, gene polymorphism, drug resistance, signaling and...
Source: Cancer Letters - June 26, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Anupam Chatterjee, Sanjay Gupta Tags: Mini-review Source Type: research
Genetically-engineered Salmonella typhimurium expressing TIMP-2 as a therapeutic intervention in an orthotopic glioma mouse model
In this study, we genetically engineered an attenuated strain of Salmonella as an anti-invasive vector for the targeted delivery and expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2) in an orthotopic nude mouse model of glioma. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 26, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Min Wen, Jin Hai Zheng, Jin Myung Choi, Jian Pei, Chun-Hao Li, Song-Yuan Li, In-Young Kim, Sa-Hoe Lim, Tae-Young Jung, Kyung-Sub Moon, Jung-Joon Min, Shin Jung Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Inhibition Lowers PD-1 Expression, Promotes Long-term Survival and Memory Generation in Antigen-specific CAR-T cells
Successful remission in hematological cancers by CAR-T cell immunotherapy has yet to be replicated in solid tumors like GBM. A significant impediment of CAR-T immunotherapy in solid tumors is poor exposure of T cells to tumor antigens resulting in suboptimal CAR-T cell activation, which ultimately fails to induce a robust anti-tumor immune response. Costimulatory moieties in advanced-generation CARs, along with additional IL2 therapy has been shown to be insufficient to overcome this hurdle and have its cytotoxic limitations. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 26, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sadhak Sengupta, Steven C. Katz, Sudarshana Sengupta, Prakash Sampath Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Novel Combined Ato-C Treatment Synergistically Suppresses Proliferation of Bcr-Abl-Positive Leukemic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) accounts for 15-20% of all leukemias affecting adults. Despite recent advances in the development of specific Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), some CML patients suffer from relapse due to TKI resistance. Here, we assessed the efficacy of a novel combinatorial arsenic trioxide (ATO) and cisplatin (CDDP) treatment (Ato-C) in human Bcr-Abl-positive leukemic cells. Combination index analyses revealed that a synergistic interaction of ATO and CDDP elicits a wide range of effects in K562, KU-812, MEG-A2, and KCL-22 cells. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 23, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Md Wahiduzzaman, Akinobu Ota, Sivasundaram Karnan, Ichiro Hanamura, Shohei Mizuno, Jo Kanasugi, Md Lutfur Rahman, Toshinori Hyodo, Hiroyuki Konishi, Shinobu Tsuzuki, Akiyoshi Takami, Yoshitaka Hosokawa Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
HOTAIR is a REST-regulated lncRNA that promotes neuroendocrine differentiation in castration resistant prostate cancer
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as novel diagnostic markers of prostate cancer (PCa) and new determinants of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), an aggressive and metastatic form of PCa. In addition to androgen receptor (AR) signaling, neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is associated with CRPC. Recent reports demonstrate that the downregulation of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) protein is a key step in NED of PCa cells. Here, we report HOTAIR as a novel REST-repressed lncRNA that is upregulated in NED PCa cells and in CRPC. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 23, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yi-Ting Chang, Tzu-Ping Lin, Jui-Ting Tang, Mel Campbell, Yun-Li Luo, Shih-Yen Lu, Chia-Pei Yang, Ting-Yu Cheng, Ching-Hsin Chang, Tze-Tze Liu, Chi-Hung Lin, Hsing-Jein Kung, Chin-Chen Pan, Pei-Ching Chang Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Targeting the NRG1/HER3 pathway in tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts with an anti-neuregulin 1 antibody inhibits tumor growth in pre-clinical models of pancreatic cancer
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a ligand for HER3 and HER4 receptors, is secreted by both pancreatic tumor cells (PC) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the latter representing the most abundant compound of pancreatic stroma. This desmoplastic stroma contributes to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) aggressiveness and therapeutic failure by promoting tumor progression, invasion and resistance to chemotherapies. In the present work, we aimed at disrupting the complex crosstalk between PC and CAF in order to prevent tumor cell proliferation. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Charline Ogier, Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo, Corinne Bousquet, Lucile Canterel-Thouennon, Pierre Sicard, V éronique Garambois, Gaëlle Thomas, Nadège Gaborit, Marta Jarlier, Nelly Pirot, Martine Pugnière, Nadia Vie, Céline Gongora, Pierre Martineau, Bruno Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Emerging roles of microRNAs in the metabolic control of immune cells
Immunometabolism is an emerging field that focuses on the role of cellular metabolism in the regulation of immune cells. Recent studies have revealed an intensive link between the metabolic state and the functions of immune cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding, single-stranded RNAs generally consisting of 18-25 nucleotides that exert crucial roles in regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Although the role of miRNAs in immune regulation has long been recognized, their roles in immunometabolism have not yet been well established. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Qiuming Yao, Zhenyu Song, Bin Wang, Jin-an Zhang Tags: Mini-review Source Type: research
High collagen density augments mTOR-dependent cancer stem cells in ER α+ mammary carcinomas, and increases mTOR-independent lung metastases
We examined this interplay and response to mTOR inhibition using ERα+ adenocarcinomas from NRL-PRL females in combination with Col1a1tmJae/+ (mCol1a1) mice, which accumulate collagen-I around growing tumors. Orthotopic transplantation of tumor cells to mCol1a1 but not wildtype hosts resulted in striking desmoplasia. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 20, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Michael P. Shea, Kathleen A. O'Leary, Kyle A. Wegner, Chad M. Vezina, Linda A. Schuler Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Pharmacologic inhibition of AKT leads to cell death in relapsed multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic plasma cell disorder with high disease recurrence rates. Novel therapeutic approaches capable of improving outcomes in patients with MM are urgently required. The AKT signalling plays a critical regulatory role in MM pathophysiology, including survival, proliferation, metabolism, and has emerged as a key therapeutic target. Here, we identified a novel AKT inhibitor, HS1793, and defined its mechanism of action and clinical significance in MM. HS1793 disrupted the interaction between AKT and heat shock protein 90, resulting in protein phosphatase 2A-modulated phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) r...
Source: Cancer Letters - June 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: In-Sung Song, Yu Jeong Jeong, Seung Hun Jeong, Hyoung Kyu Kim, Nam-Chul Ha, MyungGeun Shin, Kyung Soo Ko, Byoung Doo Rhee, Sungbo Shim, Sung-Wuk Jang, Jin Han Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Agave negatively regulates YAP and TAZ transcriptionally and post-translationally in osteosarcoma cell lines
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most aggressive type of primary solid tumor that develops in bone. Whilst conventional chemotherapy can improve survival rates, the outcome for patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains poor, so novel treatment agents and strategies are required. Research into new anticancer therapies has paved the way for the utilisation of natural compounds as they are typically less expensive and less toxic compared to conventional chemotherapeutics. Previously published works indicate that Agave exhibits anticancer properties, however potential molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maria Ferraiuolo, Claudio Pulito, Megan Finch-Edmondson, Etleva Korita, Anna Maidecchi, Sara Donzelli, Paola Muti, Massimo Serra, Marius Sudol, Sabrina Strano, Giovanni Blandino Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Corrigendum to “Preclinical anti-cancer activity and multiple mechanisms of action of a cationic silver complex bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands” [Canc. Lett. 403 (2017) 98–107]
The authors regret to inform readers that the chemical structure presented in Fig. 1 is incorrect. The correct chemical structure for Ag8 is presented below. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. (Source: Cancer Letters)
Source: Cancer Letters - June 19, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Simon J. Allison, Maria Sadiq, Efstathia Baronou, Patricia A. Cooper, Chris Dunnill, Nikolaos T. Georgopoulos, Ayse Latif, Samantha Shepherd, Steve D. Shnyder, Ian J. Stratford, Richard T. Wheelhouse, Charlotte E. Willans, Roger M. Phillips Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research
