Mendelian randomization in the bone field
Identification of causative risk factors amenable for modification is essential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Observational studies have identified associations between several potentially modifiable risk factors and osteoporosis. However, observational studies are susceptible to confounding, reverse causation bias, and measurement error, all of which limit their ability to provide causal estimates of the effect of exposures on outcomes, thereby reducing their ability to inform prevention and treatment strategies against bone loss and fractures. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 12, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Susanna C. Larsson, Karl Micha ëlsson, Stephen Burgess Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
The genetics of vitamin D
Vitamin D plays an essential role in human health as it influences immune function, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with numerous health outcomes, including bone disease, cancer, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular conditions and more. However, the causal role of vitamin D beyond its importance for bone health remains unclear and is under much debate. Twin and familial studies from past decades have demonstrated a nontrivial heritability of circulating vitamin D concentrations. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Xia Jiang, Douglas P. Kiel, Peter Kraft Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Bone matrix hypermineralization associated with low bone turnover in a case of Nasu-Hakola disease
Analysis of tissue from a 34-years-old male patient from Austrian origin with a history of multiple fractures associated with painful episodes over the carpal, tarsal and at the end of the long bones respectively is presented. Radiographic images and axial 3DCT scans showed widespread defects in trabecular bone architecture and ill-defined cortices over these skeletal sites in the form of discrete cystic-like lesions. Family history indicated two sisters (one half and one full biological sisters) also with a history of fractures. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mohammad Shboul, Paul Roschger, Rudolf Ganger, Lefteris Paschalis, Stamatia Rokidi, Shahin Zandieh, Jana Behunova, Christian Muschitz, Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer, Alvin Yu Jin Ng, Sumanty Tohari, Byrappa Venkatesh, Carine Bonnard, Bruno Reversade, Klaus Kl Tags: Case Report Source Type: research
Findings as a starting point to unravel the underlying mechanisms of in vivo interactions involving Wnt10a in bone, fat and muscle
Wnt10a is a member of the WNT family. Although deficiency of this gene causes symptoms related to teeth, hair, nails, and skin, we recently demonstrated a new phenotype of Wnt10a knockout (KO) mice involving bone and fat. The in vivo effect of the Wnt10a gene on bone and fat is unclear, and the relationship between bone/fat and muscle in Wnt10a signaling is also interesting. We aimed to evaluate the tissue changes in Wnt10a KO mice compared to wild-type mice and show the findings as a starting point to unravel the underlying mechanisms of in vivo interactions involving Wnt10a in bone, fat and muscle. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Manabu Tsukamoto, Ke-Yong Wang, Takashi Tasaki, Yoichi Murata, Yasuaki Okada, Yoshiaki Yamanaka, Eiichiro Nakamura, Sohsuke Yamada, Hiroto Izumi, Qian Zhou, Kagaku Azuma, Yasuyuki Sasaguri, Kimitoshi Kohno, Akinori Sakai Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Changes in bone matrix properties with aging
It is well known that bone loss accompanies aging in both men and women and contributes to skeletal fragility in the older population, but changes that occur to the bone tissue matrix itself are less well known. These changes in bone quality aggravate the skeletal fragility associated with loss of bone mass. Bone tissue quality is affected by age-related changes in bone mineral, collagen and its cross-linking profiles, water compartments and even non-collagenous proteins. It is commonly assumed that greater tissue mineralization accompanies aging as bone turnover slows down in elderly individuals, but the data for this are...
Source: Bone - October 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: David B. Burr Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Lowering iron level protects against bone loss in focally irradiated and contralateral femurs through distinct mechanisms
Radiation therapy leads to increased risk of late-onset fragility and bone fracture due to the loss of bone mass. On the other hand, iron overloading causes osteoporosis by enhancing bone resorption. It has been shown that total body irradiation increases iron level, but whether the systemic bone loss is related to the changes in iron level and hepcidin regulation following bone irradiation remains unknown. To investigate the potential link between them, we first created an animal model of radiation-induced systemic bone loss by targeting the mid-shaft femur with a single 2 Gy dose of X-rays. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 7, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jian Zhang, Lijun Zheng, Ziyang Wang, Hailong Pei, Wentao Hu, Jing Nie, Peng Shang, Bingyan Li, Tom K. Hei, Guangming Zhou Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
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Source: Bone - October 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research
Epigenetic dynamic during endochondral ossification and articular cartilage development
Within the last decade epigenetics has emerged as fundamental regulator of numerous cellular processes, including those orchestrating embryonic and fetal development. As such, epigenetic factors play especially crucial roles in endochondral ossification, the process by which bone tissue is created, as well during articular cartilage formation. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries that characterize how DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNA (e.g. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lyess Allas, Karim Boum édiene, Catherine Baugé Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Denosumab effects on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass with or without previous treatment
Prior osteoporosis therapies may affect the skeletal response to denosumab. We compared the effect of denosumab (60 mg every 6 months for 12 months) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism parameters in postmenopausal women with low bone mass who were either treatment-naïve (n = 30), or previously treated either with zoledronic acid (n = 30), or teriparatide (n = 22). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 4, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Elena Tsourdi, Polyzois Makras, Tilman D. Rachner, Stergios Polyzos, Martina Rauner, Stylianos Mandanas, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Associations of dietary protein intake with bone mineral density: An observational study in 70,215 UK Biobank participants
Adequate dietary protein intake is important for the maintenance of bone health; however, data in this area is ambiguous with some suggestion that high protein intake can have deleterious effects on bone health. The aim of the current study was to explore the associations of protein intake with bone mineral density (BMD). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 4, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: L. Steell, A. Sillars, P. Welsh, S. Iliodromiti, S.C. Wong, J.P. Pell, N. Sattar, J.M.R. Gill, C.A. Celis-Morales, S.R. Gray Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Alterations in non-type I collagen biomarkers in osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta [1] is a rare disorder of connective tissue caused by abnormalities in the synthesis or processing of type I collagen. Type I collagen is the most abundant type of collagen and is expressed in almost all connective tissues. Given that type I collagen interacts with other collagens based in the extracellular matrix (ECM), we hypothesized changes in type I collagen in OI would result in perturbations in the homeostasis of other collagen types. We measured serum biomarkers of several non-type I collagens in patients with mild (type I) and moderate-to-severe (type III/IV) OI. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 3, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lindsey Nicol, Patrick Morar, Ying Wang, Kim Henriksen, Shu Sun, Morten Karsdal, Rosamund Smith, Sandesh C.S. Nagamani, Jay Shapiro, Brendan Lee, Eric Orwoll Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
The 24-hour serum profiles of bone markers in healthy older men and women
In this study, we aimed to extend available data on 24-hour profiles of CTX, osteocalcin, and P1NP and to assess the 24-hour profiles of sclerostin and DKK1 in healthy older men and women and to compare these between men and women. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 3, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Evie van der Spoel, Nicole Oei, Ricardo Cachucho, Ferdinand Roelfsema, Jimmy F.P. Berb ée, Gerard J. Blauw, Hanno Pijl, Natasha M. Appelman-Dijkstra, Diana van Heemst Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Loss of Gs α in osteocytes leads to osteopenia due to sclerostin induced suppression of osteoblast activity
In this study, we have examined the role of Gsα in osteocytes, the terminally differentiated and most abundant cells of the osteoblast lineage. Mice lacking the stimulatory subunit of G-proteins (Gsα) in osteocytes (DMP1-GsαKO) have significant decrease of both trabecular and cortica l bone, as assessed by μCT. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - September 27, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Keertik Fulzele, Christopher Dedic, Forest Lai, Mary Bouxsein, Sutada Lotinun, Roland Baron, Paola Divieti Pajevic Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Quality of life in hypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder where deficiency (or lack of effect) of parathyroid hormone results in disordered mineral metabolism leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Many patients with this disorder have physical, emotional and cognitive complaints suggestive of impaired quality of life (QOL). Several recent studies have demonstrated that hypoparathyroid patients treated with calcium and vitamin D (conventional therapy) have reduced QOL compared to either suitable controls or general population. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - September 27, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Tamara Vokes Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Examining the influence of PTH(1-34) on tissue strength and composition
The lacunar-canaliculi system is a network of channels that is created and maintained by osteocytes as they are embedded throughout cortical bone. As osteocytes modify their lacuna space, the local tissue composition and tissue strength are subject to change. Although continual exposure to parathyroid hormone (PTH) can induce adaptation at the lacunar wall, the impact of intermittent PTH treatment on perilacunar adaptation remains unclear. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to establish how intermittent PTH(1-34) treatment influences perilacunar adaptation with respect to changes in tissue composition. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - September 24, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Joseph D. Gardinier, Salam Al-Omaishi, Niloufar Rostami, Michael D. Morris, David H. Kohn Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
