Pregnancy supplementation of Gambian mothers with calcium carbonate alters mid-childhood IGF1 in a sex-specific manner
Sex-specific effects of pregnancy calcium carbonate supplementation have been reported in 8 –12 year old Gambian children, indicating faster growth in boys but slower growth in girls born to calcium-supplemented mothers. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 19, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ann Prentice, Kate A. Ward, Shailja Nigdikar, Sophie Hawkesworth, Sophie E. Moore Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Skeletal Manifestations of Hypoparathyroidism
Chronic PTH deficiency has a marked effect on the skeleton, leading to characteristic decreases in bone remodeling and increases in bone mass. An effect on fracture risk has not been demonstrated, although biochemical, imaging, and histomorphometric data indicate abnormalities in skeletal properties1,21,21,21,2. Replacement with PTH leads to a new skeletal state that is maintained with long-term treatment. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 19, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mishaela R. Rubin Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Bone remodeling following MR-guided focused ultrasound: Evaluation with HR-pQCT and FTIR
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a novel non-invasive ablation technique that uses focused sound energy to destroy focal tumors, primarily via heat deposition. It is widely used for palliation of pain from bone metastases and has also recently gained popularity as a technique for ablation of benign bone tumors and facet degenerative joint disease (rhizotomy). Clinically, in a subset of patients who have undergone MRgFUS of bone, a variety of treatment responses have been noted on follow-up imaging, including focal sclerosis within the target lesion or more exuberant proliferative changes associated ...
Source: Bone - November 16, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Matthew D. Bucknor, Harsh Goel, Courtney Pasco, Andrew E. Horvai, Galateia J. Kazakia Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Lamin B receptor-related disorder is associated with a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia phenotypes
LBR (Lamin B Receptor) encodes a bifunctional protein important for cholesterol biosynthesis and heterochromatin organization on the inner nuclear membrane. Pathogenic variants in LBR are associated with marked phenotypic variability, ranging from the benign Pelger-Hu ët anomaly to lethal Greenberg Dysplasia. We performed trio exome sequencing (ES) on two patients with atypical variants of skeletal dysplasia and their unaffected parents. Patient 1 exhibited frontal bossing, mid-face hypoplasia, short stature with rhizomelic limb shortening, and relative macrocep haly at birth. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 15, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Eliza Thompson, Ebtesam Abdalla, Andrea Superti-Furga, William McAlister, Lisa Kratz, Sheila Unger, Beryl Royer-Bertrand, Belinda Campos-Xavier, Laureane Mittaz-Crettol, Asmaa K. Amin, Cori DeSanto, David B. Wilson, Ganka Douglas, Beth Kozel, Marwan Shina Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Association of bone mineral density with hemoglobin and change in hemoglobin among older men and women: The cardiovascular health study
Osteoblasts and their precursors support hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. We hypothesized that declines in Hgb levels are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 15, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Rodrigo J. Valderr ábano, Petra Buzkova, Po-Yin Chang, Neil A. Zakai, Howard A. Fink, John A. Robbins, Jennifer S. Lee, Joy Y. Wu, the Cardiovascular Health Study group Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Prediction of early metastatic disease in experimental breast cancer bone metastasis by combining PET/CT and MRI parameters to a Model-Averaged Neural Network
This study combined functional imaging parameters from FDG-PET/CT and MRI in a rat model of breast cancer bone metastases to a Model-averaged Neural Network (avNNet) for the detection of early metastatic disease and prediction of future macrometastases. Metastases were induced in 28 rats by injecting MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells into the right superficial epigastric artery, resulting in the growth of osseous metastases in the right hind leg of the animals. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 13, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Stephan Ellmann, Lisa Seyler, Jochen Evers, Henrik Heinen, Aline Bozec, Olaf Prante, Torsten Kuwert, Michael Uder, Tobias B äuerle Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Innervation of the tibial epiphysis through the intercondylar foramen
The periosteum and mineralized bone are innervated by nerves that sense pain. These include both myelinated and unmyelinated neurons with either free nerve endings or bearing nociceptors. Parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nerves also innervate bone. However, little is known about the route sensory nerves take leaving the epiphyses of long bones at the adult knee joint. Here, we used transgenic mice that express fluorescent Venus protein in Schwann cells (Sox10-Venus mice) to visualize myelinated and unmyelinated nerves in the tibial epiphysis. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 12, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Koichi Matsuo, Ji Shuting, Ayako Miya, Masaki Yoda, Yuzuru Hamada, Tomoya Tanaka, Ryoko Takao-Kawabata, Katsuhiro Kawaai, Yukiko Kuroda, Shinsuke Shibata Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Correlations between gene expression and mineralization in the avian leg tendon
Certain avian tendons have been studied previously as a model system for normal mineralization of vertebrates in general. In this regard, the gastrocnemius tendon in the legs of turkeys mineralizes in a well-defined temporal and spatial manner such that changes in the initial and subsequent events of mineral formation can be associated with time and specific locations in the tissue. In the present investigation, these parameters and mineral deposition have been correlated with the expression of several genes and the synthesis and secretion of their related extracellular matrix proteins by the composite tenocytes of the tendon. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ling Chen, Robin DiFeo Childs, William J. Landis Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Deletion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha9 in mice resulted in altered bone structure
Alterations in bone strength and structure were found in knockout (KO) mouse strains with deletion of several acetylcholine receptors. Interestingly, the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) subunit α10 was down-regulated in osteogenic differentiated mesenchymal stem cells of patients with osteoporosis whereas the expression of subunit α9 was not altered. Since nAChR subunits α9 and α10 are often combined in a functional receptor, we analyzed here the bone of adult female KO mice with singl e deletion of either nAChR alpha9 (α9KO) or alpha10 (α10KO). (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 7, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lisa Baumann, Vivien Kauschke, Anna Vikman, Lutz D ürselen, Gabriela Krasteva-Christ, Marian Kampschulte, Christian Heiss, Kathleen T. Yee, Douglas E. Vetter, Katrin Susanne Lips Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Estrogen depletion alters mineralization regulation mechanisms in an ovariectomized monkey animal model
Ovariectomized animal models have been extensively used in osteoporosis research due to the resulting loss of bone mass. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that estrogen depletion alters mineralization regulation mechanisms in an ovariectomized monkey animal model. To achieve this we used Raman microspectroscopy to analyze humeri from monkeys that were either SHAM-operated or ovariectomized (N = 10 for each group). Measurements were made as a function of tissue age and cortical surface (periosteal, osteonal, endosteal) based on the presence of calcein fluorescent double labels. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 7, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: E.P. Paschalis, S. Gamsjaeger, K. Condon, K. Klaushofer, D. Burr Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Phenotyping and genotyping of skeletal dysplasias: Evolution of a center and a decade of experience in India
We report 508 families (557 affected individuals) with the definitive molecular diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Anusha Uttarilli, Hitesh Shah, Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani, Priyanka Upadhyai, Anju Shukla, Katta M. Girisha Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Bone and muscle specific circulating microRNAs in postmenopausal women based on osteoporosis and sarcopenia status
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that fine tune posttranscriptional protein expression. Aging is accompanied by progressive declines in muscle mass and strength, and in bone mineral density (BMD). Although miRNAs in pathology have been extensively studied, the role of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) in osteoporosis and sarcopenia has to date not been well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in bone and muscle specific c-miRNAs in postmenopausal women based on their bone and muscle status, and to determine the associations between these specific c-miRNAs and muscle and bon...
Source: Bone - November 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Zhaojing Chen, Michael G. Bemben, Debra A. Bemben Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Use it or lose it to age: A review of bone and muscle communication
Until recently, it was assumed that the only interaction between muscle and bone is mechanical, that the muscle acts as a pulley and the bone as a lever to move the organism. A relatively new concept is that muscle, especially contracted muscle, acts as a secretory organ, regulating metabolism. An even newer concept is that bone, especially the osteocytes in bone, act as endocrine cells targeting other organs such as kidney and more recently, muscle. These two new concepts logically led to the third concept: that muscle and bone communicate via soluble factors. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Lynda Bonewald Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Sphenoid bone hypoplasia is a skeletal phenotype of cleidocranial dysplasia in a mouse model and patients
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in RUNX2. Affected individuals exhibit delayed maturation or hypoplasia in various bones, mainly including those formed by intramembranous ossification. Although several reports described deformation of the sphenoid bone in CCD patients, details of the associated changes have not been well documented. Most parts of the sphenoid bone are formed by endochondral ossification; however, the medial pterygoid process is formed by intramembranous ossification associated with secondary cartilage. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - November 1, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Keisuke Mitomo, Satoru Matsunaga, Kei Kitamura, Takashi Nakamura, Akiko Saito, Toshihisa Komori, Takashi Muramatsu, Akira Yamaguchi Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
Mouse polycomb group gene Cbx2 promotes osteoblastic but suppresses adipogenic differentiation in postnatal long bones
A set of key developmental genes is essential for skeletal growth from multipotent progenitor cells at weaning. Polycomb group proteins, which regulate such genes contributes to the cell lineage commitment and subsequent differentiation via epigenetic chromatin modification and remodeling. However, it is unclear which cell lineage and gene sets are targeted by polycomb proteins during skeletal growth. We now report that mice deficient in a polycomb group gene Cbx2cterm/cterm exhibited skeletal hypoplasia in the tibia, femur, and cranium. (Source: Bone)
Source: Bone - October 30, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Yuko Katoh-Fukui, Takashi Baba, Tetsuya Sato, Hiroyuki Otake, Yuko Nagakui-Noguchi, Miyuki Shindo, Mikita Suyama, Yasuyuki Ohkawa, Hideki Tsumura, Ken-ichirou Morohashi, Maki Fukami Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research
