Best Practice and Research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Graves' disease: clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines) and therapy
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Alessandro Antonelli, Poupak Fallahi, Giusy Elia, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Ilaria Ruffilli, Armando Patrizio, Debora Gonnella, Claudia Giusti, Camilla Virili, Marco Centanni, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Silvia Martina FerrariAbstractGraves’ disease (GD) is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, caused by the presence of circulating thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb), that are determinant also in the pathogenesis of its extrathyroidal manifestations [Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), pretibial ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - February 4, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Autoimmune Addison’s Disease
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Serena Saverino, Alberto FalorniAbstractPrimary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) occurs in 1/5,000-1/7,000 individuals in the general population. Autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is the major cause of PAI and is a major component of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1) and type 2 (APS2). Presence of 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21OHAb) identifies subjects with ongoing clinical or pre-clinical adrenal autoimmunity. AAD requires life-long substitutive therapy with two-three daily doses ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 31, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cushing’s syndrome – Disease monitoring: Recurrence, surveillance with biomarkers or imaging studies
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Oskar RagnarssonAbstractPituitary surgery is the first-line treatment for patients with Cushing’s disease. For patients who are not considered candidates for pituitary surgery, pituitary radiation and bilateral adrenalectomy are further treatment alternatives. Not all patients are cured with pituitary surgery, and a substantial number of patients develop recurrence, sometimes many years after an apparently successful treatment. The same applies to patients treated with radiotherapy. Far from al...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 31, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cushing’s syndrome: treatment and new therapeutic approaches
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Amandine Ferriere, Antoine TabarinAbstractOvert Cushing’s syndrome is a severe condition responsible for multiple comorbidities and increased mortality. Effective treatment is essential to reduce mortality, improve comorbidities and long-term quality of life. Surgical resection of the causal lesion(s) is generally the first-line and most effective treatment to normalize cortisol secretion. Adjunctive symptomatic treatments of co-morbidities are often necessary both during the active phase of th...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 31, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: emergence of teprotumumab as a promising medical therapy
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Terry J. SmithAbstractThyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) remains a vexing autoimmune component of Graves’ disease that can diminish the quality of life as a consequence of its impact on visual function, physical appearance and emotional well-being. Because of its relative rarity and variable presentation, the development of highly effective and well-tolerated medical therapies for TAO has been slow relative to other autoimmune diseases. Contributing to the barriers of greater insight into ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 31, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Management of central diabetes insipidus
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Aoife Garrahy, Christopher J. ThompsonAbstractThe treatment of central diabetes insipidus has not changed significantly in recent decades, dDAVP and replacement of free water deficit remain the cornerstones of treatment. Oral dDAVP has replaced nasal dDAVP as a more reliable mode of treatment for chronic central diabetes insipidus. Hyponatraemia is common, occurring in one in four patients, and should be avoided by allowing a regular break from dDAVP and resultant aquaresis. Hypernatraemia is les...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 31, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

What is the role of medical therapy in adrenal-dependent Cushing’s syndrome?
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Leah T. Braun, Martin ReinckeAbstractMedical therapy to control hypercortisolism in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome is currently not the first-line therapy. However, in many clinical scenarios like pre-surgical treatment, in patients who are not suitable candidates for surgery or in patients with bilateral hyperplasia, medical therapy can be important representing the only viable treatment option. Adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors and glucocorticoid receptor blockers have been used for many years: ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 31, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Impact of thyroid disease on fertility and assisted conception
Publication date: Available online 30 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): David Unuane, Brigitte VelkeniersAbstractThyroid auto-immunity (TAI) and/or thyroid dysfunction are prevalent in women of reproductive age and have independently been associated with adverse fertility and pregnancy outcomes, in the case of spontaneous conception or after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Thus, it seems reasonable to screen for thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-abs) in infertile women attempting pregnancy. However, even if the relationship between ...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 30, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Cushing's syndrome: overview of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and complications
This article discusses clinical presentation of CS with an eye on the most frequent cortisol-related comorbidities and discuss the main pitfalls of first- and second-line test in endogenous hypercortisolism diagnostic workup. (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 30, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Old and new genes in primary aldosteronism
Publication date: Available online 22 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Sheerazed Boulkroun, Fabio Luiz Fernandes-Rosa, Maria-Christina ZennaroAbstractPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary hypertension affecting 5% to 10% of patients with arterial hypertension. In PA, high blood pressure is associated with high aldosterone and low renin levels, and often hypokalemia. In a majority of cases, autonomous aldosterone production by the adrenal gland is caused by an aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). During...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 23, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Autoimmunity and the Endocrine System: thyroid, hypophysis and pregnancy
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2020Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Alessandro Antonelli, Yehuda Shoenfeld (Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism)
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - January 9, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Hypophysitis: An update on the novel forms, diagnosis and management of disorders of pituitary inflammation
Publication date: Available online 12 December 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Sriram Gubbi, Fady Hannah-Shmouni, Joseph G. Verbalis, Christian A. KochAbstractHypophysitis is a heterogeneous condition that leads to inflammation of the sella and/or suprasellar region, potentially resulting in hormonal deficiencies and/or mass effects. A preponderance of hypophysitis subtypes have an underlying autoimmune aetiology. The overall incidence and prevalence of hypophysitis has dramatically increased over the past decade, mainly due to increased awareness of the condition in the m...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 13, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The aggregation between AITD with rheumatologic, or dermatologic, autoimmune diseases
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Poupak Fallahi, Giusy Elia, Francesca Ragusa, Ilaria Ruffilli, Stefania Camastra, Claudia Giusti, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Debora Gonnella, Yehuda Shoenfeld, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Alessandro AntonelliAbstractAutoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are organ-specific autoimmune disorders mediated by Th1 lymphocytes, whose main clinical presentations are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), or Graves’ disease (GD). HT, GD, thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid dysfunctions have been shown in systemic rheuma...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 12, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity: pathophysiology and implications for patient management
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Edith Lahner, Laura Conti, Francesco Cicone, Silvia Capriello, Maria Cazzato, Marco Centanni, Bruno Annibale, Camilla ViriliAbstractThe association between autoimmune atrophic gastritis and thyroid disorders has been observed since the early 1960s and the expression “thyrogastric syndrome” was coined to indicate the presence of thyroid autoantibodies or autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with pernicious anemia, a late clinical stage of autoimmune atrophic gastritis. More recently, it was...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 12, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

New insight in endocrine-related adverse events associated to immune checkpoint blockade
Publication date: Available online 11 December 2019Source: Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismAuthor(s): Giusy Elia, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Maria Rosaria Galdiero, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Ilaria Ruffilli, Gilda Varricchi, Poupak Fallahi, Alessandro AntonelliAbstractAnticancer immunotherapy, in the form of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), is a paradigm shift that has transformed the care of patients with different types of solid and hematologic cancers. The most notable improvements have been seen in patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung, bladder, renal, cervical, urother...
Source: Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 12, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research