Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Use of ophthalmic megestrol acetate for eosinophilic keratitis in cats
Eosinophilic, or proliferative, keratitis in the cat is characterized by a cellular infiltrate into the corneal stroma and epithelium that consists of eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and, occasionally, histiocytes. The presenting clinical signs of eosinophilic keratitis include a visible cellular corneal infiltrate often initially observed at the dorsal-lateral limbus, conjunctival hyperemia, tearing, and blepharospasm. The cause of the condition remains obscure in many cats. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - December 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Ophthalmology Source Type: research
Survival of dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated by splenectomy with or without chemotherapy
Splenic hemangiosarcoma, a highly metastatic neoplasm arising from vascular endothelium, is one of the most common and rapidly fatal cancers in dogs. The tumor often ruptures, resulting in clinical signs referable to acute hemoabdomen, and many dogs have macroscopic metastatic disease in the liver and other sites at the time of initial evaluation. The prognostic factor that has been found to be most closely associated with survival time in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma is clinical stage. The influence of clinical stage on survival time has not been completely characterized, in part because of variability in staging sch...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - December 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research
Metronomic Chemotherapy: Does This Stuff Really Work?
Tumor angiogenesis is recognized as a major therapeutic target in the fight against cancer. The importance of angiogenesis in tumor growth and metastasis has started to redefine cancer therapy. New protocols have emerged, including the use of metronomic chemotherapy, which is intended to control cancer in part by inhibiting angiogenesis, based on more frequent and low-dose drug administration. The potential of metronomic chemotherapy was revealed in animal models a decade ago, and the efficacy of this approach has been confirmed in the clinic in human and veterinary medicine. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Gregory K. Ogilvie Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research
Lymphoid clonality testing in veterinary medicine
The accurate distinction of reactive and neoplastic lymphoid proliferations can present challenges. Given the different prognoses and treatment strategies, a correct diagnosis is crucial. Molecular clonality assays evaluate rearranged lymphocyte antigen receptor gene diversity and can help differentiate reactive from neoplastic lymphoid proliferations. Molecular clonality assays are commonly used to assess atypical, mixed, or mature lymphoid proliferations in small tissue fragments that lack architecture and fluid samples. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research
A pyrosequencing investigation of differences in the feline subgingival microbiota in health, gingivitis, and mild periodontitis
Periodontitis is the most commonly diagnosed health problem in cats. The reported incidence levels vary from study to study but are generally high. Despite the prevalence of periodontal disease in domestic cats, our current understanding of the possible etiological agents of the disease is limited, and there is little information documenting the bacteria found in the oral cavity. Many of the early feline oral bacteriology studies concentrated on isolation of bacteria from cat bite wounds. In one study, cats were sampled at a least-affected site of subgingival plaque formation and a most-affected site for comparison. (Sourc...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Dentistry Source Type: research
Clinical and imaging features of brain herniation in dogs and cats
Brain herniation refers to shifting of brain structures relative to their normal position within the calvarium. There are five recognized types of brain herniation with caudal transtentorial herniation (CTH) and foramen magnum (FMH) herniation being most clinically relevant. Herniation occurs secondary to various intracranial lesions, and, historically, diagnosis relied on clinical signs and evidence of herniation on post-mortem examination. Relying on necropsy is problematic in that removal of the skull might disrupt the ability to discern herniation, and a poor prognosis is inevitable. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Neurology Source Type: research
Treatment of injection site osteosarcoma in a dog
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant mesenchymal tumor that rarely occurs at extraskeletal sites. The diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) relies on the characteristic histopathology of mesenchymal cells with high mitotic index and bone production with exclusion of a bony origin. In cats and dogs, injection site sarcomas have been associated with inflammatory reaction due to injection of vaccines and other products. Some injection site sarcomas have been diagnosed as EOS in the cat. EOS is associated with a poor prognosis with high rates of metastasis at diagnosis. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Oncology Source Type: research
A novel imaging system distinguishes neoplastic from normal tissue in dogs
The primary mode of therapy for many canine solid tumors, such as soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and mast cell tumor (MCT), is surgical excision of gross, visible tumor with a wide margin of surrounding normal tissue. The surgical margins of the resected tissue are evaluated microscopically by a pathologist. Incomplete histologic margins are associated with local tumor recurrence and are often considered an indication for resection of the surgical scar and tumor bed or adjuvant radiation therapy. A comprehensive histologic assessment of surgical margins requires several days to complete. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Surgery (Soft Tissue) Source Type: research
Sonographic Parameters of Adrenal Glands in Dogs With and Without Hypoadrenocorticism
Hypoadrenocorticism can be a life-threatening and possibly fatal disease if not treated immediately. Although a tentative diagnosis can be made on clinical signs and laboratory findings, a definitive diagnosis can only be made by an ACTH stimulation test. Unfortunately, typical clinical signs and laboratory findings are not evident in all cases, and the ACTH stimulation test results are usually not immediately available. As ultrasonography is widely used, it would be ideal as a diagnostic aid for hypoadrenocorticism. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Remo Lobetti, Eric Lindquist Tags: Guest Editorial Source Type: research
Cytologic criteria for mast cell tumor grading in dogs
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs, accounting for up to 21% of all canine skin tumors. Biological behavior is predicted with clinical staging and histologic grading with variable success. Although 3 histologic grading schemes exist, 2 are utilized commonly: the Patnaik system and the newer two-tier system (Kiupel system). The Patnaik system is a three-tiered histologic grading scheme in which cellularity, cell morphology, mitotic index, extent of tissue involvement, and stromal reaction are assessed to assign a histologic grade of 1 to 3, from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated, respe...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Clinical Pathology Source Type: research
Anticoagulant effects of inhaled unfractionated heparin in the dog
Heparin has both anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Heparin is usually administered by the intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SQ) route, but can be given by inhalation. The anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant benefits of inhaled heparin have been evaluated in people with both acute and chronic lung diseases. Inhaled heparin appears to have a more rapid onset of systemic anticoagulant activity and longer duration of action in people compared to heparin given by the SQ route. Intravenous and SQ unfractionated heparin have been thoroughly evaluated in dogs and have similar pharmacokinetic properties to those obser...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Emergency Medicine Source Type: research
Campylobacter and neutrophilic inflammatory bowel disease in cats
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common cause of chronic signs in cats with gastrointestinal disease. Intestinal biopsies are needed to confirm intestinal inflammation, but cases are deemed idiopathic if no underlying cause is found. Typically, lymphoplasmacytic inflammation is found in biopsy specimens, but a subset of cats with IBD has neutrophilic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. The clinical relevance of neutrophilic infiltration is unclear. Using more traditional diagnostic techniques, the evidence for infectious agents causing neutrophilic intestinal inflammation is poor. (Source: Advances in Small Animal ...
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Early imaging findings in juvenile dogs
Diskospondylitis is an infection of an intervertebral disk and adjacent vertebral end plates, sometimes with associated soft tissue swelling and infection. In dogs, the condition typically affects mature adult animals, with mean ages of 5 to 9 years and a preponderance of male and large-breed dogs. The youngest dog in those studies was 10 months old. Clinical signs typically include spinal hyperesthesia, a stilted gait, paresis, fever, signs of depression, and weight loss, and the duration of signs can range from weeks to months. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Neurology Source Type: research
Comparison of diagnostic consistency and accuracy between radiography and computed tomography in rabbits with dental disease
Dental disease is often diagnosed in pet rabbits and represents one of the most common presenting problems with this companion exotic species. Dental disease is acquired in most cases, although the underlying etiology can be varied and congenital. Hypotheses for pathophysiologic development of clinical dental problems in rabbit patients have been reported to be associated with developmental abnormalities, trauma, insufficient wearing of elodont teeth, or as a consequence of metabolic bone disease. (Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery)
Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Tags: Small Mammals Source Type: research
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Source: Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery - October 31, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research
