Noncoding RNA genes in cancer pathogenesis
Publication date: Available online 13 December 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Yuri Pekarsky, Carlo M. CroceAbstractBy using chronic lymphocytic leukemia as target for discovery in cancer pathogenesis we discovered that the great majority of CLLs (75–85%) carry a deletion of miR-15a and miR-16-1 at 13q14. We also discovered that miR-15/16 are negative regulators of the BCL2 oncogene. Thus the loss of the two negative regulators causes BCL2 overexpression and leukemia. A corollary of this is that CLL is very sensitive to the anti BCL2 drug venetoclax that can induce complete remission in CLL pati...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - December 13, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The role of sphingolipids in acute kidney injury
Publication date: December 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 70Author(s): Tess V. Dupre, Leah J. SiskindAbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is most simply defined as the rapid loss of kidney function in a matter of hours to days. AKI can manifest in a number of ways including pre-renal, post-renal, or intrinsic AKI. During acute kidney injury, multiple pathogenic processes are activated including inflammation, cell death, and the generation of reactive oxygen species, just to name a few. Sphingolipids are known to play a role in a number of the pathogenic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of many type...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - December 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Effective angiogenesis requires regulation of phosphoinositide signaling
Publication date: Available online 26 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Elizabeth Michele Davies, Rajendra Gurung, Kai Qin Le, Christina Anne MitchellAbstractPhosphoinositide signaling regulates numerous downstream effectors that mediate cellular processes which influence cell cycle progression, migration, proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism and vesicular trafficking. A prominent role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, a phospholipid that activates a plethora of effectors including AKT and FOXO during embryonic and postnatal angiog...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 26, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Intra- and intercellular trafficking in sphingolipid metabolism in myelination
Publication date: Available online 23 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Binks W. WattenbergAbstractThe myelin sheath, produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, provides essential electrical insulation to neurons, but also is critical for viability of neurons. Both the protein and lipid composition of this fascinating membrane is unique. Here the focus is on the sphingolipids that are highly abundant in myelin and, in particular, how they are produced. This review discusses how sphingolipid metabolism is regulated. In particular the subcellular localization of lipid metabolic...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 24, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Heterogeneity in myeloproliferative neoplasms: Causes and consequences
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Jennifer O'Sullivan, Adam J. MeadAbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are haematopoietic stem cell-derived clonal disorders characterised by proliferation of some or all myeloid lineages, depending on the subtype. MPNs are classically categorized into three disease subgroups; essential thrombocythaemia (ET), polycythaemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The majority (>85%) of patients carry a disease-initiating or driver mutation, the most prevalent occurring in the janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2 V617F), foll...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 23, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sulforaphane as anticancer agent: A double-edged sword? Tricky balance between effects on tumor cells and immune cells
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Jie Liang, Gertrud Maria Hänsch, Katrin Hübner, Yvonne SamstagAbstractSulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. It has been reported to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancers, such as breast, prostate, colon, skin, lung, gastric or bladder cancer. SFN is supposed to act primarily as an antioxidant due to the activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. This enhances the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes and the trapping of free radicals...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 22, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 70Author(s): (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 21, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Introduction to the Special Issue on Sphingolipid Signaling in Chronic Disease
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Binks W. Wattenberg, Sarah Spiegel (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Focus on ceramide
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Mariana Nikolova-KarakashianAbstractSphingolipids are class of metabolically distinct lipids that play structural and signaling functions in all organisms. Sphingolipid metabolism is deregulated during various diseases such as cancer, neurological and immune disorders, and metabolic syndrome. With the advancement of sphingo-lipidomics and sphingo-genomics, an understanding of the specific roles of ceramide, the quintessential bioactive sphingolipid, in fatty liver disease has taken shape. Two major pathways for ceramide g...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The role of sphingolipids is acute kidney injury
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Tess V. Dupre, Leah J. SiskindAbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is most simply defined as the rapid loss of kidney function in a matter of hours to days. AKI can manifest in a number of ways including pre-renal, post-renal, or intrinsic AKI. During acute kidney injury, multiple pathogenic processes are activated including inflammation, cell death, and the generation of reactive oxygen species, just to name a few. Sphingolipids are known to play a role in a number of the pathogenic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phospholipase C-β1 interacts with cyclin E in adipose- derived stem cells osteogenic differentiation
Publication date: Available online 5 November 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Giulia Ramazzotti, Roberta Fiume, Francesca Chiarini, Gabriele Campana, Stefano Ratti, Anna Maria Billi, Lucia Manzoli, Matilde Y. Follo, Pann-Gill Suh, James McCubrey, Lucio Cocco, Irene FaenzaAbstractAdipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that have the ability to differentiate into several cell types, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neural cells. Given their easy accessibility and abundance, they became an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as cand...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - November 6, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Inositol phosphate kinases: Expanding the biological significance of the universal core of the protein kinase fold
We describe conservation of the fundamental two-lobe kinase architecture: an N-lobe constructed upon an anti-parallel β-strand scaffold, which is coupled to a largely helical C-lobe by a single, adenine-binding hinge. This equivalency also includes a G-loop that embraces the β/γ-phosphates of ATP, a transition-state stabilizing residue (Lys/His), and a Mg-positioning aspartate residue within a catalytic triad. Furthermore, we expand this list of conserved structural features to include some not previously identified in InsPKs: a ‘gatekeeper’ residue in the N-lobe, and an ‘αF’-like helix in the C-lobe that ancho...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 27, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Neutral ceramidase: Advances in mechanisms, cell regulation, and roles in cancer
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Nicolas Coant, Yusuf A. HannunAbstractExtensive research conducted in the last three decades has identified the roles for the main bioactive sphingolipids, namely ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) as key regulators of cellular homeostasis, growth and death. One of the major groups of enzymes in the ceramide pathway, ceramidases, convert ceramide into sphingosine and fatty acids, with sphingosine being further metabolized to S1P. Thus, these enzymes play important roles in the network controlling the ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 26, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sphingoid bases and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases
Publication date: Available online 23 October 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Laura Goins, Stefka SpassievaAbstractSphingoid bases (also known as long-chain bases) form the backbone of sphingolipids. Sphingolipids comprise a large group of lipid molecules, which function as the building blocks of biological membranes and play important signaling and regulatory roles within cells. The roles of sphingoid bases in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration have yet to be fully elucidated, as they are complex and multi-faceted. This comprises a new frontier of research that may provide us with important clues ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 24, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Abilities of berberine and chemically modified berberines to inhibit proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Stephen L. Abrams, Matilde Y. Follo, Linda S. Steelman, Kvin Lertpiriyapong, Lucio Cocco, Stefano Ratti, Alberto M. Martelli, Saverio Candido, Massimo Libra, Ramiro M. Murata, Pedro L. Rosalen, Giuseppe Montalto, Melchiorre Cervello, Agnieszka Gizak, Dariusz Rakus, Weifeng Mao, Paolo Lombardi, James A. McCubreyAbstractBerberine (BBR) is a common nutraceutical consumed by millions worldwide. BBR has many different effects on human health, e.g., diabetes, diarrhea, inflammation and now more recently it has been proposed to h...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 18, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
