Dimethyl trisulfide: A novel cyanide countermeasure
In the present studies, the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of a novel cyanide countermeasure, dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), were evaluated. DMTS is a sulfur-based molecule found in garlic, onion, broccoli, and similar plants. DMTS was studied for effectiveness as a sulfur donor-type cyanide countermeasure. The sulfur donor reactivity of DMTS was determined by measuring the rate of the formation of the cyanide metabolite thiocyanate. In experiments carried out in vitro in the presence of the sulfurtransferase rhodanese (Rh) and at the experimental pH of 7.4, DMTS was observed to convert cyanide to thiocyanate with greater th...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rockwood, G. A., Thompson, D. E., Petrikovics, I. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among health-care workers exposed to cleaning and disinfectant chemicals, a 2-year follow-up study
This study aimed to further explore this association using a longitudinal approach. A prospective 2-year follow-up study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia from June 2012 to June 2014 among 56 nurses who were responsible for disinfection and sterilization of medical instruments and equipment. The workplaces of the participants were assessed for engineering, environmental, and safety control measures. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to all participants to assess their exposure to cleaning chemicals and their medical history. Spirometric parameters were measured for all nurses in 20...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: El-Helaly, M., Balkhy, H. H., Waseem, K., Khawaja, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nanosized and bulk zinc oxide particles in Drosophila melanogaster
This study is the first assessing the genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nano and bulk ZnO particles in Drosophila. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Carmona, E. R., Inostroza-Blancheteau, C., Rubio, L., Marcos, R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Correlation between urinary cadmium and thyroid hormones in outdoor workers exposed to urban stressors
Conclusions:
Our early results seem to point out that occupational exposure to low concentrations of Cd present in urban air affects the thyroid hormone levels in exposed workers. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Rosati, M. V., Montuori, L., Caciari, T., Sacco, C., Marrocco, M., Tomei, G., Scala, B., Sancini, A., Anzelmo, V., Bonomi, S., Tomei, F. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
The effect of vitamin E on lung pathology in sulfur mustard-exposed guinea pigs
Pulmonary complications of exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) gas range from no effect or mild symptoms to severe bronchial stenosis. In the present study, the protective effect of vitamin E on the lung inflammation of SM-exposed guinea pigs was examined. Guinea pigs (n = 5 for each group) were exposed to ethanol (control group), 40 mg/m3 inhaled SM (SME group), SME treated with vitamin E (SME + E), SME treated with dexamethasone (SME + D), and SME treated with both treatments (SME + E + D). Pathological evaluation of the lung was done 14 days postexposure. The epithelial desquamation of trachea and other pathologic changes i...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Gholamnezhad, Z., Boskabady, M. H., Amery, S., Vahedi, N., Tabatabaei, A., Boskabady, M., Shahriary, A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Telomere length, telomerase expression, and oxidative stress in lead smelters
In conclusion, occupational Pb exposure resulted in decreased rTL and may represent a mechanism that contributes to Pb-related diseases. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Pawlas, N., Płachetka, A., Kozłowska, A., Mikołajczyk, A., Kasperczyk, A., Dobrakowski, M., Kasperczyk, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Roles of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and heme oxygenase-1 in ethylbenzene-induced renal toxicity in NRK-52E cells
Ethylbenzene is an important industrial chemical, but its potential toxicity is a recent concern. Our previous study investigated the renal toxicity of ethylbenzene in vivo. Rat renal epithelial cells (NRK-52E cells) were incubated with 0, 30, 60, and 90 µmol/L of ethylbenzene for 24 h in vitro to investigate ethylbenzene-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The cell survival rate in the ethylbenzene-treated groups was significantly lower than the control group. Ethylbenzene significantly increased intracellular re...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang, M., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Liu, J., Zhang, J., Gu, Q. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Modulatory role of GSTM1 null genotype on the frequency of micronuclei in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers
In this study, we aimed to investigate the extent of genotoxic risk and the association between null GSTM1/GSTT1 and GSTP1 Ile105Val variants and cellular DNA damage, as measured by micronucleus (MN) assay in a group of agricultural workers from Denizli, Turkey. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 116 subjects, including 58 workers who were occupationally exposed to pesticides and 58 healthy unexposed controls. The MN frequencies of each individual were assessed by cytokinesis-blocked micronuclei assays on lymphocytes. Genotypes for different GST variants were determined using polymerase chain reaction-based metho...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Tumer, T. B., Savranoglu, S., Atmaca, P., Terzioglu, G., Sen, A., Arslan, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Eugenol and carvone as relaxants of arsenic and mercury hypercontracted rat trachea
In this study, we elicit and compare maximum contraction caused by As(III) and Hg(II) when the pollutants are fully equilibrated with contractile machinery in resting mode. Hypercontraction of 27% and 69% was obtained following exposure of tracheal rings to 25 µM As(III) and 6 nM Hg(II) for 40 min, respectively. Co-incubation of tracheal rings with pollutants and verapamil, sodium nitroprusside or apocynin indicates that major contributors to As(III) and Hg(II) caused hypercontraction are reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and nitric oxide (NO) depletion. Changes in calcium influx have minor contribution in As(I...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kundu, S., Shabir, H., Basir, S. F., Khan, L. A. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flumetralin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro
This study presents the first report of the genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of flumetralin. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kocaman, A. Y., Bucak, S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Exploring a new method for the biological monitoring of plastic workers exposed to the vinyl chloride monomer
Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is widely used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. VCM is recognized as a confirmed human and animal carcinogenic compound. Recent studies have reported poor health of plastic workers, even having exposure at concentrations below the permissible limit to VCM. There has not been any study regarding exposed workers to VCM in Iran. Similarly, no information exists as to the biological monitoring of such workers. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a thorough occupational and biological monitoring of Iranian plastic workers exposed to VCM.
A total of 100 workers from t...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - November 21, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Azari, M. R., Tayefeh-Rahimian, R., Jafari, M. J., Souri, H., Shokoohi, Y., Tavakol, A., Yazdanbakhsh, Z. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Acute high-level toluene exposure decreases hippocampal neurogenesis in rats
In this study, we subjected Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to acute high-level toluene exposure (7000 ppm) to investigate its neuronal toxicity, and in particular, its effect on neurogenesis in the hippocampus. In order to assay the effects of inhaled toluene on hippocampal neurogenesis, we measured the levels of neurogenesis markers Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampus 1, 2, 5, and 8 days after cessation of toluene exposure. In addition to assaying clinical signs, body weight, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the liver, lungs, and kidneys were subjected to histopathological examination to investigate the toxic effec...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Yoon, J.-h., Seo, H.-S., Lee, J., Moon, C., Lee, K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
DNA damage assessment in the lymphocytes of construction painters by comet assay
Conclusion:
The chemicals used in oil paint may increase the DNA damage in painter blood lymphocytes. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Kianmehr, M., Amiri, M., Ebrahimzadeh-bideskan, A., Hajavi, J. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Kinetic and isotherm study of Sudan black B removal
In this research, the removal of Sudan black B (SBB) by cadmium hydroxide nanowires loaded on activated carbon is described. After optimizing the variables involved, Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were applied to fit the experimental data. The adsorbent correlation coefficient and error analysis indicated the applicability of Langmuir model for the interpretation of equilibrium data. Different kinetic models were applied to analyze the time evolution of removal data. It was found that low quantity of adsorbent (<0.03 g) is capable of removal of large amount of SBB in reasonably shor...
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Ghaedi, M., Moazzen, H. R., Purkait, M. K. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Formaldehyde exposure inhibits the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin in rat testis
In this study, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to detect the expression of mTOR molecule in testicular tissues. We found that FA exposure inhibits the expression of mTOR in a dose-dependent manner. Combined with our earlier finding, we found the decreasing expression of mTOR in testicular tissue were consistent with the changes of testicular structure and autophagy levels. In summary, our data suggested that mTOR molecule might be involved in male reproductive injuries induced by FA exposure. (Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health)
Source: Toxicology and Industrial Health - October 23, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Fang, J., Li, D.-h., Yu, X.-q., Lv, M.-q., Bai, L.-z., Du, L.-z., Zhou, D.-x. Tags: Articles Source Type: research
