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NonInvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (VANQUISH): a Randomized Safety and Feasibility Study
Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) typically presents with severe thunderclap headache, often described as the “worst headache of life”. The vast majority of patients (90%) have persistent severe headache while in the intensive care unit [1] and more than a third continue to have this headache for years following cerebral insult, which adversely affects their quality of life [2]. Currently, there is lack of effective treatments or guidelines, and the data evaluating the efficacy of analgesic medications for these patients is scarce. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 17, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Tania Rebeiz, Tagir Sabirov, Timothy G. White, David Ledoux, Jung-min Kim, Donna Kerner, Betsy Moclair, Amanda Lin, Shahab Khazanehdari, Aashish Patel, Heustein Sy, Marc S. Ayoub, Bensam Benziger, Kenia Samuel, Krista Lim-hing, Celine Rahman DeMatteo, Ric Source Type: research

Targeting inflammation in perivascular cells and neuroimmune interactions for treating kidney disease
AbstractInflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. Kidney perivascular cells (pericytes/fibroblasts) are responsible for producing proinflammatory molecules, promoting immune cell infiltration, and enhancing inflammation. Vascular adhesion protein-1, expressed in kidney perivascular cells, is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines with the production of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular space. Our study demonstrated that blocking this enzyme suppressed hydrogen peroxide production and neutrophil infiltration, thereby reducing renal ischemia �...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology - April 17, 2024 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Minimally invasive vagus nerve stimulation modulates mast cell degranulation via the microbiota-gut-brain axis to ameliorate blood-brain barrier and intestinal barrier damage following ischemic stroke
Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Apr 10;132:112030. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112030. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMast cells (MCs) play a significant role in various diseases, and their activation and degranulation can trigger inflammatory responses and barrier damage. Several studies have indicated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts ameliorates neurological injury, and regulates gut MC degranulation. However, there is limited research on the modulatory effect of VNS on MCs in both the gut and brain in brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in this process. We aim to develop a minimally invasive, targeted and convenien...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - April 11, 2024 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yanan Wang Qianqian Tan Mingdong Pan Jiaying Yu Shaoqi Wu Wenzhan Tu Ming Li Songhe Jiang Source Type: research

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on poststroke cognitive impairment: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
This study protocol aims to investigate the effect and neural mechanism of the combination of tDCS and taVNS on cognitive function in patients who had a stroke. Methods and analysis In this single-centre, prospective, parallel, randomised controlled trial, a total of 66 patients with poststroke cognitive impairment will be recruited and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to the tDCS group, the taVNS group and the combination of tDCS and taVNS group. Each group will receive 30 min of treatment daily, five times weekly for 3 weeks. Primary clinical outcome is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Secondary clinical outcomes include the...
Source: BMJ Open - April 10, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Liu, W., Cheng, X., Zhang, Y., Liao, W. Tags: Open access, Rehabilitation medicine Source Type: research

Clinical-functional correlation with brain volumetry in severe perinatal asphyxia: a case report
ConclusionsSlight changes in the basal ganglia and cerebellum require 3D volumetry for detection, as standard MRI examinations cannot fully reveal their complex shape variations. Quantifying these subtle neurodevelopmental changes helps in understanding their clinical implications. Besides, neurophysiological evaluations can boost neuroplasticity in children with neurological sequelae by stimulating new neuronal connections. (Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics)
Source: Italian Journal of Pediatrics - April 9, 2024 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research

Replacement of Traditional Vagus Nerve Stimulation with Cardiac-Based Device and Seizure Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological condition, affecting an estimated 50 million individuals worldwide[1 –3]. Notwithstanding the wide range of available antiepileptic drugs, around 30% of individuals with epilepsy experience inadequate seizure control[4–6]. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been established as a safe and effective treatment strategy for patients with refractory epilepsy who are in eligible for surgical intervention. (Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy)
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Jordana Borges Camargo Diniz, Francisco Alfonso Rodriguez Elvir, La ís Silva Santana, Sávio Batista, Luisa Mothe Glioche Gasparri, João Paulo Mota Telles, Allan Dias Polverini Tags: Review Source Type: research

Clinical characteristics and treatment exposure of patients with marked treatment-resistant unipolar major depressive disorder: A RECOVER trial report
RECOVER is a randomized sham-controlled trial of vagus nerve stimulation and the largest such trial conducted with a psychiatric neuromodulation intervention. (Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation)
Source: BRAIN STIMULATION: Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research in Neuromodulation - April 1, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Charles R. Conway, Scott T. Aaronson, Harold A. Sackeim, Walter Duffy, Mary Stedman, Jo ão Quevedo, Rebecca M. Allen, Patricio Riva-Posse, Matthew A. Berger, Gustavo Alva, Mohd Azfar Malik, David L. Dunner, Ivan Cichowicz, Heather Luing, John Zajecka, Zi Source Type: research

Vagus nerve stimulation alleviates cardiac dysfunction and inflammatory markers during heart failure in rats
This study aimed to investigate its therapeutic effects on three main components of heart failure: cardiac function, cardiac remodeling and central neuroinflammation using a pressure overload (PO) rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: PO, PO + VNS, PO + VNS sham, and controls. All rats, except controls, underwent a PO surgery to constrict the thoracic aorta (~50 %) to induce HFrEF. Open loop VNS therapy was continuously administered to PO + VNS rats at 20 Hz, 1.0 mA for 60 days. Evaluation of cardiac function and structure via echocardiograms showed decreases in stroke volume and relative eject...
Source: Autonomic Neuroscience - March 21, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Misty M Owens Suman Dalal Aleksandra Radovic Luciano Fernandes Hassan Syed Mary-Katherine Herndon Coty Cooper Krishna Singh Eric Beaumont Source Type: research

A framework for the interpretation of heart rate variability applied to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and osteopathic manipulation
AbstractReports on autonomic responses to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and osteopathic manipulative techniques have been equivocal, partly due to inconsistent interpretation of heart rate variability (HRV). We developed a mechanistic framework for the interpretation of HRV based on a model of sinus node automaticity that considers autonomic effects on Phase 3 repolarization and Phase 4 depolarization of the sinoatrial action potential. The model was applied to HRV parameters calculated from ECG recordings (healthy adult humans, both genders) before (30 min), during (15 min), and after (30�...
Source: Physiological Reports - March 21, 2024 Category: Physiology Authors: Adrienne Kania, Jumana Roufail, Joseph Prokop, Harald M. Stauss Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research