Universities & Medical Training Research Universities & Medical Training RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Efficient first principles based modeling via machine learning: from simple representations to high entropy materials
J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, Accepted Manuscript DOI: 10.1039/D4TA00982G, PaperKangming Li, Kamal Choudhary, Brian DeCost, Michael Greenwood, Jason Hattrick-Simpers High-entropy materials (HEMs) have recently emerged as a significant category of materials, offering highly tunable properties. However, the scarcity of HEM data in existing density functional theory (DFT) databases, primarily... The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry (Source: RSC - J. Mater. Chem. latest articles)
Source: RSC - J. Mater. Chem. latest articles - April 17, 2024 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kangming Li Source Type: research

Obstructive sleep apnea detection during wakefulness: a comprehensive methodological review
AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition affecting up to 1 billion people, globally. Despite this spread, OSA is still thought to be underdiagnosed. Lack of diagnosis is largely attributed to the high cost, resource-intensive, and time-consuming nature of existing diagnostic technologies during sleep. As individuals with OSA do not show many symptoms other than daytime sleepiness, predicting OSA while the individual is awake (wakefulness) is quite challenging. However, research especially in the last decade has shown promising results for quick and accurate methodologies to predict OSA during wakefulnes...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - April 17, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A novel transformer-based aggregation model for predicting gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma
AbstractIn recent years, predicting gene mutations on whole slide imaging (WSI) has gained prominence. The primary challenge is extracting global information and achieving unbiased semantic aggregation. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Transformer-based aggregation model, employing a self-learning weight aggregation mechanism to mitigate semantic bias caused by the abundance of features in WSI. Additionally, we adopt a random patch training method, which enhances model learning richness by randomly extracting feature vectors from WSI, thus addressing the issue of limited data. To demonstrate the model ’s eff...
Source: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing - April 17, 2024 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Charred bones are signs of Maya ritual to erase past rulers
In 2022, Christina Halperin was excavating a pile of rubble in a Maya pyramid at a Guatemalan site called Ucanal. As she sorted through thousands of shattered greenstones, seashells, and obsidian pieces, she noticed something peculiar. “This soil was so sooty and full of carbon,” the University of Montreal archaeologist recalls. “You couldn’t excavate … you couldn’t be clean.” Now, her team knows what the dense, sooty debris was made of: the burnt bones of ancient Maya royalty and their ornaments. In a paper published today in Antiquity , the researchers describe the unusual burning event...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - April 17, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

New initiative aims to bolster funding for scientists in war-torn Ukraine
WASHINGTON, D.C.— For astrophysicist David Spergel, teaching at a summer school about data science in August 2023 in Ukraine was a “surreal” experience. At times, utterly normal—smart students and collegial dinners in the charming cobblestoned city of Lviv. But punctuated by sirens and cellphone alerts warning of Russian missile attacks that compelled attendees to seek refuge in bomb shelters. Spergel, president of the Simons Foundation , started to think there had to be something more the West could do to aid his Ukrainian colleagues. Eight months later, that idea has blossomed into the Scienc...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - April 17, 2024 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline alters learning from aversive reinforcements in patients with depression: evidence from a randomized controlled trial
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate a relationship between aversive reinforcement learning mechanisms and aspects of depression, anxiety, and SSRI treatment, but these relationships did not align with the initial hypotheses. Poor task performance limits the interpretability and likely generalizability of the findings, and highlights the critical importance of developing acceptable and reliable tasks for use in clinical studies.FUNDING: This article presents research supported by NIHR Program Grants for Applied Research (RP-PG-0610-10048), the NIHR BRC, and UCL, with additional support from IMPRS COMP2PSYCH (JM, QH) an...
Source: Psychological Medicine - April 17, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Jolanda Malamud Gemma Lewis Michael Moutoussis Larisa Duffy Jessica Bone Ramya Srinivasan Glyn Lewis Quentin J M Huys Source Type: research

Social and structural drivers of HIV vulnerability among a respondent-driven sample of feminine and non-feminine presenting transgender women who have sex with men in Zimbabwe
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that TGW, particularly feminine presenting TGW, experience social and structural inequities which may contribute to HIV vulnerability. Interventions aimed at addressing inequities, including trans competency training for providers and gender-affirming, psychosocial and legal support services for TGW, might mitigate risk.PMID:38627887 | DOI:10.1002/jia2.26231 (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - April 17, 2024 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Lauren E Parmley Sophia S Miller Innocent Chingombe Munyaradzi Mapingure Owen Mugurungi John H Rogers Godfrey Musuka Chesterfield Samba Avi J Hakim Tiffany G Harris Source Type: research

Twenty First Century Technological Toolbox Innovation for Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS)
Surg Technol Int. 2024 Apr 16;44:sti44/1760. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTransanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is an effective procedure that plays an important role in the care of patients with significant rectal neoplasia and polyps including early-stage cancers. However, it is perhaps underutilised and under threat from both advanced flexible endoscopic procedures and proceduralists (who often act as gatekeepers for referral to colorectal surgeons), as well as from robotic surgery proponents. TAMIS advocates can learn and adopt practice insights from both these fields and incorporate available technological inn...
Source: Surgical Technology International - April 17, 2024 Category: Surgery Authors: Alice Moynihan Patrick Boland Ronan A Cahill Source Type: research

Comparison of Limb Loading Characteristics and Subjective Functional Outcomes Between Sexes Following ACLR
CONCLUSION: Individuals approximately five months following ACLR, on average, offloaded their ACLR limb compared to the contralateral limb. Patients' tendency to offload their weight during a squat was influenced by sex. Relationships between limb loading metrics and PROs indicate patients who load their limbs disproportionately have a lower perception in their capability to complete activities of daily living and lower subjective knee function.PMID:38629487 | DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-0534.23 (Source: Journal of Athletic Training)
Source: Journal of Athletic Training - April 17, 2024 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Dr Amelia S Bruce Leicht Mr Xavier D Thompson Dr Robin M Queen Dr Jordan Rodu Dr Michael J Higgins Dr Kevin M Cross Dr Brian C Werner Dr Jacob E Resch Dr Joe M Hart Source Type: research

Athletic Trainers' Perceptions of Implementing Psychological Strategies for Patient Management: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSIONS: Ats have the knowledge to identify when athletes are psychologically affected by injury and can identify common psychological responses. Although Ats acknowledge the value of implementing psychosocial strategies, lack of confidence in implementing basic or advanced techniques, feeling underprepared by their educational program, and lack of clinical training appear to impact the use of psychosocial techniques in clinical practice and the rate of mental health recognition and referral amongst ATs.PMID:38629498 | DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-0705.23 (Source: Journal of Athletic Training)
Source: Journal of Athletic Training - April 17, 2024 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Caitlin Brinkman Elaine Reiche Shelby Baez Source Type: research

Do plantar flexor muscle structure and function contribute to medial tibial stress syndrome in long-distance runners? A case report
J Athl Train. 2024 Apr 17. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0459.23. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTwo long-distance runners developed MTSS (male age=26.3 years, female age=47.5 years) after baseline assessment of plantar flexor muscle structure and function and spatiotemporal running variables. B-mode ultrasound and lean leg girth characterized plantar flexor muscle structure. Hand-held dynamometry and a single-leg heel raise to failure protocol characterized plantar flexor muscle function. Finally, spatiotemporal running variables were determined during a treadmill protocol. The two runners who developed MTSS demonstrated less pla...
Source: Journal of Athletic Training - April 17, 2024 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Joshua P M Mattock Julie R Steele Karen J Mickle Source Type: research

Comparison of Step-Based Metrics Under Laboratory and Free-Living Conditions in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
CONCLUSIONS: Considering only clinical/laboratory gait measures may not be representative of real- world walking-related PA behavior in individuals with FAIS.PMID:38629503 | DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-0322.23 (Source: Journal of Athletic Training)
Source: Journal of Athletic Training - April 17, 2024 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: Naif Z Alrashdi Elroy J Aguiar Collin E White Anna K Saunders Amit M Momaya Benton A Emblom Michael K Ryan Robert W Motl Matthew P Ithurburn Source Type: research

Shoulder and elbow symptoms in talented Dutch baseball pitchers: results of a two-season prospective study
CONCLUSION: In a cohort of Dutch high school baseball pitchers, one-third reported shoulder and elbow symptoms on the throwing side, with reduced functional status and lower back symptoms. Future efforts should focus on developing preventive strategies through early symptom detection, aiming to prevent symptom progression and, ultimately, the development of severe injuries.PMID:38629480 | DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-0353.23 (Source: Journal of Athletic Training)
Source: Journal of Athletic Training - April 17, 2024 Category: Sports Medicine Authors: A J R Leenen M J M Hoozemans F van Dis E van der Graaff H E J Veeger E A L M Verhagen Source Type: research

Dissonance in the face of Alzheimer's disease breakthroughs: clinician and lay stakeholder acceptance, concerns and willingness to pay for emerging disease-modifying therapies
CONCLUSIONS: This study exposes complex attitudes toward emerging DMTs for Alzheimer's disease, challenging conventional wisdom in multiple dimensions. A surprising 25% of the public expressed aversion to these new treatments, despite society's deep-rooted fear of dementia in older age. Healthcare professionals displayed nuanced concerns, prioritising clinical effectiveness and potential brain complications. Intriguingly, younger, better-educated and privately insured individuals exhibited a greater WTP, foregrounding critical questions about healthcare equity. These multifaceted findings serve as a guidepost for healthcar...
Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry for Mental Science - April 17, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Irina Kinchin Sharon Walsh Rachel Dinh Margaret Kapuwa Sean P Kennelly Ann-Marie Miller Ann Nolan Sean O'Dowd Laura O'Philbin Suzanne Timmons Iracema Leroi Source Type: research

Severity of Antipsychotic-Induced Cervical Dystonia Assessed by the Algorithm-Based Rating System
Conclusion: While further validation with new cases is needed, the range of tilt angles in this study could provide a standard for future artificial intelligence devices for cervical dystonia.PMID:38629708 | DOI:10.4088/JCP.23m14929 (Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry - April 17, 2024 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Toshiya Inada Yuta Tanabe Yuji Fukaya Kazuyoshi Ogasawara Nobutomo Yamamoto Source Type: research