Species-specific responses during Seoul orthohantavirus infection in human and rat lung microvascular endothelial cells
In this study, host responses to SEOV infection in primary human and rat LMECs were directly compared on a transcriptional level. As infection of rat LMECs was more efficient than human LMECs, the majority of anti-viral defense responses were observed earlier in rat LMECs. Most prominently, SEOV-induced processes in both species included responses to cytokine stimulus, negative regulation of innate immune responses, responses to type I and II interferons, regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling and MHC-I signaling. However, over time, in the rat LMECs, responses shifted from an anti-viral state towards a more ...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 27, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Danny Noack Source Type: research

Urinary proteomics reveals biological processes related to acute kidney injury in < i > Bothrops atrox < /i > envenomings
This study aimed to characterize the urinary protein profile ofBothrops atrox snakebite victims who developed AKI. We analyzed three groups of samples collected on admission: healthy subjects (controls, n = 10), snakebite victims who developed AKI (AKI, n = 10), and those who did not evolve to AKI (No-AKI, n = 10). Using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we identified and quantified (label-free) 1190 proteins. A panel of 65 proteins was identified exclusively in the urine of snakebite victims, with 32 exclusives to the AKI condition. Proteins more abundant or exclusive in AKI ’s urine were associated with a...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 27, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Lisele Maria Brasileiro-Martins Source Type: research

Endothelial and inflammatory pathophysiology in dengue shock: New insights from a prospective cohort study in Vietnam
by Angela McBride, Huynh Thi Le Duyen, Nguyen Lam Vuong, Phan Vinh Tho, Luong Thi Hue Tai, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Nguyen Thanh Ngoc, Lam Minh Yen, Phung Tran Huy Nhat, Tran Thuy Vi, Martin J. Llewelyn, Louise Thwaites, Nguyen Van Hao, Sophie Yacoub Dengue shock (DS) is the most severe complication of dengue infection; endothelial hyperpermeability leads to profound plasma leakage, hypovolaemia and extravascular fluid accumulation. At present, the only treatment is supportive with intravenous fluid, but targeted endothelial stabilising therapies and host immune modulators are needed. With the aim of prioritising potential the...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 27, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Angela McBride Source Type: research

Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth is associated with increased < i > Campylobacter < /i > and epithelial injury in duodenal biopsies of Bangladeshi children
by Shah Mohammad Fahim, Jeffrey R. Donowitz, Ekaterina Smirnova, Ning-Juin Jan, Subhasish Das, Mustafa Mahfuz, S. M. Abdul Gaffar, William A. Petri Jr, Chelsea Marie, Tahmeed Ahmed Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been associated with enteric inflammation, linear growth stunting, and neurodevelopmental delays in children from low-income countries. Little is known about the histologic changes or epithelial adherent microbiota associated with SIBO. We sought to describe these relationships in a cohort of impoverished Bangladeshi children. Undernourished 12-18-month-old children underwent both glucose hydrogen...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 27, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Shah Mohammad Fahim Source Type: research

Reinfection of farm dogs following praziquantel treatment in an endemic region of cystic echinococcosis in southeastern Iran
by Mehdi Borhani, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi, Mahbod Entezami, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Saeid Nasibi, Joaquin M. Prada, Majid Fasihi Harandi Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) as a prevalent tapeworm infection of human and herbivorous animals worldwide, is caused by accidental ingestion ofEchinococcus granulosus eggs excreted from infected dogs. CE is endemic in the Middle East and North Africa, and is considered as an important parasitic zoonosis in Iran. It is transmitted between dogs as the primary definitive host and different livestock species as the intermediate hosts. One of the most important measures for CE control is dog dewo...
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 27, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mehdi Borhani Source Type: research

Predictors for participation in mass-treatment and female genital schistosomiasis re-investigation, and the effect of praziquantel treatment in South African adolescents
ConclusionCompliance to treatment and gynaecological reinvestigation was very low. There is need to embark on large scale awareness and advocacy in schools and communities before implementing mass-treatment and investigation studies. Despite challenges in sample size and significant loss to follow-up, limiting the ability to fully understand the treatment ’s effect, multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant treatment effect on abnormal blood vessels. (Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases)
Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases - March 27, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Takalani Girly Nemungadi Source Type: research

Social Demographic Characteristics Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in West Pokot, Kenya
This study aimed to determine the social demographic characteristics associated with visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot of Kenya. A mixed-methods research design was adopted where household questionnaires and key informant interviews were administered. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 22, and qualitative data were analyzed to establish patterns for interpretation. Male children aged 10 years or younger were the most infected by Leishmania donovani in the community. The hospital record indicated that 60% of previously treated visceral leishmaniasis patients were severely malnourished during admission. Ris...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bulle Abdullahi Joshua Mutiso Michael Gicheru Source Type: research

Case Report: Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis and Strongyloides Hyperinfection in a Patient with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1/2 Infection
We describe the case of a Peruvian farmer from the central jungle with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1/2 infection, with 2 months of illness characterized by respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with fever, weight loss, and enlarged lymph nodes. Strongyloides stercoralis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were isolated in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples, respectively. The clinical evolution was favorable after the patient received ivermectin and amphotericin B. We hypothesize that autoinfestation by S. stercoralis in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1/2-infected patients may contribute to the diss...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Juan Montenegro-Idrogo Alfredo Chiappe-Gonzalez Esperanza Vicente-Lozano Gonzalo Cornejo-Venegas Cristhian Resurrecci ón-Delgado Source Type: research

Current Status of La Crosse Virus in North America and Potential for Future Spread
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 26:tpmd230160. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0160. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLa Crosse virus (LACV) is an arthropod-borne RNA virus with substantial potential for future spread in North America. La Crosse virus is responsible for La Crosse encephalitis, a leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in children in the United States. Primarily transmitted by Aedes triseriatus (Eastern treehole) mosquitos and amplified by small mammal hosts, LACV has caused infections throughout the upper Midwest and, more recently, the mid-Atlantic and southeastern United States. Notably, in recent years, infections have ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Taylor Goldman Davidson H Hamer Source Type: research

Tuberculosis in United States-Bound Follow-to-Join Asylees, 2014-2019
In conclusion, culture-based overseas TB screening in U.S.-bound follow-to-join asylees is effective in identifying those with TB (class B0 TB) or those at risk for TB (class B1 TB and class B2 LTBI). Completion of postarrival evaluation for newly arrived follow-to-join asylees was less frequent than that reported for immigrants and refugees.PMID:38531107 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0233 (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Yecai Liu Drew L Posey Michelle S Weinberg Christina R Phares Source Type: research

Efficacy and Feasibility of Short-Stretch Compression Therapy for Filarial Lymphedema in Sri Lanka
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 26:tpmd230496. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0496. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe WHO-recommended essential package of care (EPC) for filarial limb lymphedema consists of daily limb washing, entry lesion management, limb protection, exercises, and elevation. Decongestive therapy (DT) with compression bandaging by trained lymphedema therapists adds additional benefit but is unavailable for most in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To determine whether DT using self-adjustable, short-stretch compression garments (SSCG), prefitted using portable, three-dimensional infrared imaging (3DII), would ...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Jaimee M Hall Sandani S Thilakarathne Nirmitha Lalindi De Silva Janaka Ruben Thishan Channa Yahathugoda Philip J Budge Source Type: research

Evaluating Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Microscopy for Detecting Plasmodium Infection and Status of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2/3 Gene Deletions in Southeastern Nigeria
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 26:tpmd230690. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0690. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTDelays in malaria diagnosis increase treatment failures and deaths. In endemic regions, standard diagnostic methods are microscopy and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) detecting Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2/3 (PFHRP2/PFHRP3), but gene deletions can allow certain parasites to remain undetected. We enlisted a cohort comprising 207 symptomatic individuals, encompassing both children and adults, at a hospital in Nnewi, Nigeria. The prevalence of parasites was determined using a highly sensitive, species-...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Moses Ikegbunam Maike Maurer Harrison Abone Dorothy Ezeagwuna Thaisa Lucas Sandri Charles Esimone Olusola Ojurongbe Tamirat Gebru Woldearegai Andrea Kreidenweiss Jana Held Rolf Fendel Source Type: research

Normal Clinical Laboratory Ranges by Age and Sex, and Impact on Study Screening Outcomes in Rural Mali
We examined hematological and clinical chemistry parameters in healthy residents at two rural vaccine trial sites: Bancoumana and Doneguebougou in Mali, West Africa. During screening of clinical studies in 2018 and 2019, peripheral blood samples from 1,192 apparently healthy individuals age 6 months to 82 years were analyzed at a laboratory accredited by the College of American Pathologists for a complete blood count, and creatinine and/or alanine aminotransferase levels. Based on manufacturers' reference range values, which are currently used in Malian clinical laboratories, abnormal values were common in this healthy pop...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: M'Bouye Doucoure Amatigue Zeguime Amadou Niangaly Merepen A Guindo Justin Y A Doritchamou Mahamadoun H Assadou Abdoulaye Katile Moussa B Kanoute Sidiki Perou Adama Ouattara Sintry Sanogo Boucary Ouologuem Souleymane Traore Bakary Dao Drissa Dembele Mamady Source Type: research

Acute Primary Cutaneous Nocardiosis
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2024 Mar 26:tpmd230584. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0584. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38531103 | DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.23-0584 (Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene)
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Xiaokang Xu Zehu Liu Xiujiao Xia Source Type: research

Implementation of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Live Attenuated Malaria Sporozoite Vaccines in an Indonesian Military Study Population
We describe the manifold challenges of enrolling and immunizing 345 soldier participants at their home base in western Indonesia before their nearly 6,000-km voyage to eastern Indonesia, where they are being monitored for incident P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria cases during 9 months of exposure. The unique regulatory, ethical, and operational complexities of this trial demonstrate the importance of thorough planning, frequent communication, and close follow-up with stakeholders. Effective engagement with the military community and the ability to adapt to unanticipated events have proven key to the success of th...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - March 26, 2024 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Khoriah Indrihutami Krisin Chand Rizka Fahmia Mutia Rahardjani Fitria Wulandari Decy Subekti Rintis Noviyanti Amin Soebandrio Noch T Mallisa I Made Mardika Waras Budiman Irwan Suriswan Yogi Ertanto Mei-Chun Chen Tooba Murshedkar Yonas Abebe B Kim Lee Sim Source Type: research