Marginalization and social change processes among lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons in Swaziland: implications for HIV prevention
. (Source: AIDS Care)
Source: AIDS Care - May 31, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Carmen H. Logie Amaya Perez-Brumer Jesse Jenkinson Veli Madau Winnie Nhlengethwa Stefan Baral Source Type: research
Estimating spatial catchment natural hydrological response characteristics in Swaziland
This study establishes the hydrological response of 122 catchments in Swaziland’s trans-boundary basins on the basis of validated WR90 hydro-meteorological time series data. The flow duration indices (FDIs: Q10, Q50, Q90) were determined and standardised by the mean monthly streamflow, and the runoff ratio was calculated as a method to determine how catchments respond to precipitation inputs. The runoff ratio and FDIs were then plotted against aridity indices, and the plot shows that the runoff ratio is consistent with the aridity index, except for a few suspected anomalies emanating from values of Q50 and Q90. The findi...
Source: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts ABC - May 20, 2018 Category: Science Source Type: research
Implementation of Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool: a Case of Matsapha, Swaziland
AbstractEquity in health implies that ideally everyone could attain their full health potential and that no one should be disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of their social position or other socially determined circumstances. Making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable contributes towards ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages in dignity, equality and in a healthy environment. This paper illustrates a case of applying the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART) in a small town in Africa. It describes the process followed...
Source: Journal of Urban Health - April 3, 2018 Category: Health Management Source Type: research
Young Africans' social representations of sexual abuse of power in their HIV-related creative narratives, 2005-2014: cultural scripts and applied possibilities.
Abstract
The sexual abuse of power is a form of sexual coercion in which individuals - typically male - use their positions of authority to obtain sex. We analysed social representations of sexual abuse of power in a sample of 1,446 narratives about HIV written by young Africans between 2005 and 2014. The narratives were prepared at five different points in time (2005, 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2014) by authors aged 10-24 in urban and rural areas of Swaziland, Kenya, South-East Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Senegal. We combined three analytical approaches: descriptive statistics of quantifiable characteristics of t...
Source: Culture, Health and Sexuality - March 28, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Singleton R, Winskell K, McLeod H, Gregg A, Sabben G, Obong'o C, Dia F Tags: Cult Health Sex Source Type: research
A time-motion study of cardiovascular disease risk factor screening integrated into HIV clinic visits in Swaziland.
CONCLUSION: Provision of CVD risk factor screening more than tripled the length of routine HIV clinic visits but did not reduce the time spent on HIV services. Programme managers need to take longer visit duration into account in order to effectively integrate CVD risk factor screening and counselling into HIV programmes.
PMID: 29577617 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - March 27, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: J Int AIDS Soc Source Type: research
An assessment of financial catastrophe and impoverishment from out-of-pocket health care payments in Swaziland.
CONCLUSION: If Swaziland is to move towards achieving universal health coverage, there is a need to address the burden created by direct out-of-pocket payments. Among other things, this means that the country needs to consider financing mechanisms that guarantee equitable access to needed quality health services, which do not place undue hardship on the poor and vulnerable.
PMID: 29382274 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Global Health Action)
Source: Global Health Action - February 1, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Glob Health Action Source Type: research
Systematic review of strategies to increase access to health services among children over five in low and middle income countries
ConclusionThis review provides evidence of the range of interventions that were used to increase health care access for children over five years old in LMIC. Nevertheless, further research is needed to examine each of the identified intervention types and the influence of contextual factors, with robust study designs. There is also a need to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the interventions in order to inform decision makers on which are suitable for scale‐up in their particular contexts.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)
Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health - February 1, 2018 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Tess Bright, Lambert Felix, Hannah Kuper, Sarah Polack Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research
Access to emergency hospital care provided by the public sector in sub-Saharan Africa in 2015: a geocoded inventory and spatial analysis
This study provides the first spatial census of public hospital services in Africa. Funding Wellcome Trust and the UK Department for International Development. (Source: The Lancet Global Health)
Source: The Lancet Global Health - January 26, 2018 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Rapid Microarray-Based Detection of Rifampin, Isoniazid, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of a Single Cartridge [Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes]
The rapid and robust identification of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains mediating multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes is crucial to combating the MDR tuberculosis (TB) epidemic. Currently available molecular anti-TB drug susceptibility tests either are restricted to a single target or drug (i.e., the Xpert MTB/RIF test) or present a risk of cross-contamination due to the design limitations of the open platform (i.e., line probe assays). With a good understanding of the technical and commercial boundaries, we designed a test cartridge based on an oligonucle...
Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology - January 24, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Havlicek, J., Dachsel, B., Slickers, P., Andres, S., Beckert, P., Feuerriegel, S., Niemann, S., Merker, M., Labugger, I. Tags: Mycobacteriology and Aerobic Actinomycetes Source Type: research
Comparative assessment of five trials of universal HIV testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.
CONCLUSIONS: We found substantial commonalities but also differences between the five UTT trials in their design, conduct and multidisciplinary outputs. As empirical literature on how UTT may improve efficiency and quality of HIV care at population level is still scarce, this article provides a foundation for more collaborative research on UTT and supports evidence-based decision making for HIV care in country and internationally.
PMID: 29314658 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society)
Source: Journal of the International AIDS Society - January 11, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: J Int AIDS Soc Source Type: research
Suicidal ideation and associated factors among school going adolescents in Swaziland.
Conclusion: The rate of suicidal ideation was high among adolescents in Swaziland and intervention considering violence, social support from friends and parents, and drug abuse should be designed to prevent suicidal thoughts.Keywords: Suicidal ideation, school going adolescents, Swaziland. (Source: African Health Sciences)
Source: African Health Sciences - January 7, 2018 Category: African Health Source Type: research
Young Africans' social representations of rape in their HIV-related creative narratives, 2005 –2014: Rape myths and alternative narratives
Publication date: February 2018 Source:Social Science & Medicine, Volume 198 Author(s): Robyn Singleton, Kate Winskell, Siphiwe Nkambule-Vilakati, Gaëlle Sabben Sexual violence is both a major human rights issue and an important driver of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. While quantitative indicators of sexual violence have evolved to facilitate cross-national comparison and country-level decision making, qualitative findings typically remain constrained to single sites and populations. We analyzed social representations of sexual violence, specifically rape, in a sample of 1446 narratives about HIV writ...
Source: Social Science and Medicine - January 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
In vitro evaluation of aerosolized delivery of various medications during mechanical ventilation
Conclusions: Vibrating mesh nebulizer generated significant delivered greater drug dose at the Y with less difference, placing at both nebulizers at the inlet of ventilator humidifier. Drug formulation influenced amounts of aerosol delivered passing through the endotracheal tube in a heated mechanical ventilator system. (Source: European Respiratory Journal)
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 6, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Fang, T.-P., Lin, H.-L., Wan, G.-H., Tsai, Y.-H., Wang, S.-H. Tags: Airway Pharmacology and Treatment Source Type: research
Occupational health and safety in the Southern African Development Community
Occupational health and safety (OHS) practice in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has been greatly constrained by inadequate integration with the political, economic and social environment of many SADC member states. SADC is a regional economic community comprising 15 member states: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe [1]. Even in the presence of global OHS instruments by the International Labour Organization (ILO) that guide all countries in the promotion of workplace...
Source: Occupational Medicine - December 2, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Source Type: research
A qualitative analysis of the barriers to antiretroviral therapy initiation among children 2 to 18 months of age in Swaziland.
This study was designed to collect qualitative data from mothers and caregivers of HIV-positive children to identify the barriers to ART initiation. Focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted in siSwati between July and September 2014 among caregivers of aged children 2-18 months in Swaziland who did or did not initiate ART between January 2011 and December 2012 after HIV DNA PCR-positive diagnosis of the infants. Denial, guilt, lack of knowledge, tuberculosis (TB)/HIV co-infection, HIV-related stigma, lack of money, and distance to clinics were reported by the participants as barriers to ART initiation. The find...
Source: African Journal of AIDS Research - November 16, 2017 Category: African Health Tags: Afr J AIDS Res Source Type: research
