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Total 13 results found since Jan 2013.
What Are the Classifications of Perinatal Stroke?
Discussion
Perinatal stroke occurs in about 1:1000 live births and is a “focal vascular injury from the fetal period to 28 days postnatal age.” Perinatal stroke is the most common cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy and causes other significant morbidity including cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, motor problems, sensory problems including visual and hearing disorders, epilepsy, and behavioral and psychological problems. Family members are also affected because of the potential anxiety and guilt feelings that having a child with a stroke presents, along with the care that may be needed over the child&#...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - May 1, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Janssen Announces U.S. FDA Approval of PONVORY ™ (ponesimod), an Oral Treatment for Adults with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Proven Superior to Aubagio® (teriflunomide) in Reducing Annual Relapses and Brain Lesions
TITUSVILLE, N.J. – (March 19, 2021) – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved PONVORY™ (ponesimod), a once-daily oral selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulator, to treat adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease and active secondary progressive disease.1,2,3 PONVORY™ offers MS patients superior efficacy in reducing annualized relapse rates compared to an established oral therapy and a proven safety profile backed by ove...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - March 19, 2021 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news
What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion
Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
How experienced community neurologists make diagnoses during clinical encounters
We describe 3 core domains of diagnosis: 1) clinical (C), 2) laboratory and electrodiagnostics (L), and 3) neuroimaging (N). Neurologists were uniform in their practices across these domains except within the clinical domain, where the physical examination varied considerably among clinicians. All neurologists coordinated findings from the 3 domains to arrive at a final diagnosis. This practice of coordination varied across common disease categories (e.g., meningitis vs dementia). To codify this variance, we developed a provisional model of diagnostic practice derived from the data consisting of a 3-point coordinate shorth...
Source: Neurology - October 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Dhand, A., Engstrom, J., Dhaliwal, G. Tags: Cost effectiveness/economic, Decision analysis, All Clinical Neurology, Methods of education CONTEMPORARY ISSUES Source Type: research
What Causes Ataxia?
Discussion
Coordination and balance problems are caused by various problems affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. Normal development of a child or weakness of a child are commonly mistaken for true ataxia. Ataxia specifically refers to “…impairment of the coordination of movement without loss of muscle strength.” If it is purely due to abnormalities of the cerebellum then there should be no changes in mental status, sensation or weakness. Sometimes it is difficult to determine if there are abnormalities in other areas. For example, Guillian-Barre often presents with difficulty or clumsy wal...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 31, 2014 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
The learning curve in endoscopic endonasal resection of craniopharyngiomas.
CONCLUSIONS High rates of near- or total resection and visual improvement can be achieved using an endoscopic endonasal approach for craniopharyngiomas. However, the authors did find evidence for a learning curve. After 20 cases, they found a significant decrease in major neurological complications and significant increases in the rates of GTR rate and discharge to home. Although there was a large decrease in the rate of postoperative CSF leak over time, this was largely attributable to the inclusion of very early cases prior to the routine use of vascularized nasoseptal flaps. There was a significant increase in new panhy...
Source: Neurosurgical Focus - November 30, 2016 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Kshettry VR, Do H, Elshazly K, Farrell CJ, Nyquist G, Rosen M, Evans JJ Tags: Neurosurg Focus Source Type: research
The Medical Emergency Of Otto Warmbier
All that the doctors who treated Cincinnati, Ohio resident Otto Warmbier knew is what they had seen or maybe read in the news. They knew he had just been released on June 13 from imprisonment in North Korea where he had been held by for more than 17 months. He had been sentenced in March 2016 to 15 years of hard labor for allegedly removing a propaganda poster from a wall at a Pyongyang hotel where he had been staying. The University of Virginia honors student had been visiting the authoritarian state during a five-day trip with a group called Young Pioneer Tours, which is a group out of China – an important note.
Ot...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - June 22, 2017 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news
What Causes Microcephaly?
Discussion
Microcephaly is usually defined as an occipitofrontal head circumference (OFC) more than 2 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for sex, age and ethnicity. Severe microcephaly is used for OFC < 3 standard deviations. Rates of microcephaly range from 0.5-12 patients/10,000 live births.
The OFC should be measured at every well child visit and at other opportunities and plotted on standard growth charts. The OFC is measured using a nonelastic tape measure around the largest part of the head with the tape measure held above the eyebrows and ears. It is a highly reproducible measurement. There are several diff...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 25, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
Not as Simple as Canker Sores
BY NANA P. MATSUMOTO, & DEREK MEEKS, DOA 16-year-old boy presented to a rural ED with a swollen jaw, painful blisters in the mouth, and earache for the past day. One week before, he had a fever with chills, sore throat, and dry coughs. He was not taking any medications, and his immunizations were up-to-date. He had a mild learning disorder but no significant past medical or surgical history.An apthous ulcer, the most common and one of the earliest signs of Behçet's disease.The patient's vital signs were within normal limits, and his physical examination revealed anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, sinus con...
Source: The Case Files - October 11, 2017 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research
Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of the most common neurologic conditions associated with HIV infection and ART.
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - October 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Neurologic Complications of Tuberculosis
This article describes the current epidemiology, common clinical characteristics, and up-to-date evidence-based approaches to the diagnosis and management of the most common neurologic complications of tuberculosis (TB): tuberculous meningitis, intracranial tuberculoma, and spinal TB.
RECENT FINDINGS
Central nervous system (CNS) TB remains common and associated with significant mortality and neurologic sequelae worldwide. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is strongly associated with both the development of and mortality due to CNS TB. Strongyloides co-infection is associated with reduced CNS inflammati...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research
Polyuria, Polydipsia and Possible Diabetes Insipidus?
Discussion
The body is smart. It has mechanisms for maintaining balances within the body in a closely controlled manner but allows for a variety of states. This is very true for fluid balance in the body which is highly controlled between almost all of the major body organ systems. When fluid is low, the sensor sends signals for us to drink, and conserves fluid until we can. When the fluid is high, the kidneys excrete the excess and sends signals not to drink. Usually it works very well. While there are many pathological states that can cause polyuria and/or polydipsia, the most common reason is excessive fluid intake beca...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 7, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news
