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Learning the spatial features of a locomotor task is slowed after stroke
The capacity for humans to learn a new walking pattern has been explored with a split-belt treadmill during single sessions of adaptation, but the split-belt treadmill can also be used to study longer-term motor learning. Although the literature provides some information about motor learning after stroke, existing studies have primarily involved the upper extremity and the results are mixed. The purpose of this study was to characterize learning of a novel locomotor task in stroke survivors. We hypothesized that the presence of neurological dysfunction from stroke would result in slower learning of a locomotor task and dec...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - July 15, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Tyrell, C. M., Helm, E., Reisman, D. S. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Combining D-cycloserine with motor training does not result in improved general motor learning in neurologically intact people or in people with stroke
Neurological rehabilitation involving motor training has resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in function but is unable to eliminate many of the impairments associated with neurological injury. Thus there is a growing need for interventions that facilitate motor learning during rehabilitation therapy, to optimize recovery. d-Cycloserine (DCS), a partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist that enhances neurotransmission throughout the central nervous system (Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, Anderson P, Graap K, Zimand E, Hodges L, Davis M. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61: 1136–1144, 2004), has been sh...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - June 15, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Cherry, K. M., Lenze, E. J., Lang, C. E. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Robotic therapy for chronic stroke: general recovery of impairment or improved task-specific skill?
There is a great need to develop new approaches for rehabilitation of the upper limb after stroke. Robotic therapy is a promising form of neurorehabilitation that can be delivered in higher doses than conventional therapy. Here we sought to determine whether the reported effects of robotic therapy, which have been based on clinical measures of impairment and function, are accompanied by improved motor control. Patients with chronic hemiparesis were trained for 3 wk, 3 days a week, with titrated assistive robotic therapy in two and three dimensions. Motor control improvements (i.e., skill) in both arms were assessed with a ...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - September 18, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Kitago, T., Goldsmith, J., Harran, M., Kane, L., Berard, J., Huang, S., Ryan, S. L., Mazzoni, P., Krakauer, J. W., Huang, V. S. Tags: Control Of Movement Source Type: research

Functional connectivity between somatosensory and motor brain areas predicts individual differences in motor learning by observing
Action observation can facilitate the acquisition of novel motor skills; however, there is considerable individual variability in the extent to which observation promotes motor learning. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in brain function or structure can predict subsequent observation-related gains in motor learning. Subjects underwent an anatomical MRI scan and resting-state fMRI scans to assess preobservation gray matter volume and preobservation resting-state functional connectivity (FC), respectively. On the following day, subjects observed a video of a tutor adapting her reaches to a novel for...
Source: Journal of Neurophysiology - August 7, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: McGregor, H. R., Gribble, P. L. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research