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Development of Machine Learning Models to Predict Probabilities and Types of Stroke at Prehospital Stage: the Japan Urgent Stroke Triage Score Using Machine Learning (JUST-ML)
AbstractIn conjunction with recent advancements in machine learning (ML), such technologies have been applied in various fields owing to their high predictive performance. We tried to develop prehospital stroke scale with ML. We conducted multi-center retrospective and prospective cohort study. The training cohort had eight centers in Japan from June 2015 to March 2018, and the test cohort had 13 centers from April 2019 to March 2020. We use the three different ML algorithms (logistic regression, random forests, XGBoost) to develop models. Main outcomes were large vessel occlusion (LVO), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), suba...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 14, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ischemic stroke of unclear aetiology: a case-by-case analysis and call for a multi-professional predictive, preventive and personalised approach
AbstractDue to the reactive medical approach applied to disease management, stroke has reached an epidemic scale worldwide. In 2019, the global stroke prevalence was 101.5 million people, wherefrom 77.2 million (about 76%) suffered from ischemic stroke; 20.7 and 8.4 million suffered from intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage, respectively. Globally in the year 2019 — 3.3, 2.9 and 0.4 million individuals died of ischemic stroke, intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage, respectively. During the last three decades, the absolute number of cases increased substantially. The current prevalence of stroke is 110 million ...
Source: EPMA Journal - November 17, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of co-careldopa as an add-on therapy to occupational and physical therapy in patients after stroke (DARS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Publication date: June 2019Source: The Lancet Neurology, Volume 18, Issue 6Author(s): Gary A Ford, Bipin B Bhakta, Alastair Cozens, Suzanne Hartley, Ivana Holloway, David Meads, John Pearn, Sharon Ruddock, Catherine M Sackley, Eirini-Christina Saloniki, Gillian Santorelli, Marion F Walker, Amanda J FarrinSummaryBackgroundDopamine is a key modulator of striatal function and learning and might improve motor recovery after stroke. Previous small trials of dopamine agonists after stroke provide equivocal evidence of effectiveness on improving motor recovery. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of co-careldopa plus routi...
Source: The Lancet Neurology - May 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Preliminary development of a prediction model for daily stroke occurrences based on meteorological and calendar information using deep learning framework (Prediction One; Sony Network Communications Inc., Japan).
Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggested a probability of the DL-based prediction models for stroke occurrence only by meteorological and calendar factors. In the future, by synchronizing a variety of medical information among the electronic medical records and personal smartphones as well as integrating the physical activities or meteorological conditions in real time, the prediction of stroke occurrence could be performed with high accuracy, to save medical resources, to have patients care for themselves, and to perform efficient medicine. PMID: 33598347 [PubMed]
Source: Surgical Neurology International - February 21, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Surg Neurol Int Source Type: research

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy fails to reduce hydrocephalus formation following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Conclusion Multiple HBO therapy does not ameliorate hydrocephalus formation in a rat model of SAH; however, HBO tendentially improved the neurological functions and spatial learning and memory abilities in rats with hydrocephalus.
Source: Medical Gas Research - July 9, 2014 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). SAH is a type of hemorrhagic stroke and is a neurologic emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the most common and potentially life-threatening neurologic and medical complications to promote their early recognition and prevent secondary brain injury. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past 30 years, the incidence of SAH has remained stable; yet, likely because of improved care in specialized neurocritical care units, discharge mortality has considerab...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - December 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Influence of the Intensive Care Unit Environment on the Reliability of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Conclusions: The reliability of the MoCA was excellent, independent from the testing environment being ICU or office. This finding is helpful for patient care and studies investigating the effect of therapeutic interventions on the neuropsychological outcome after SAH, stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Towards robust deconvolution of low-dose perfusion CT: Sparse perfusion deconvolution using online dictionary learning
Graphical abstract: Highlights: ► Dictionaries are learned from high-dose CTP data for low-dose CBF estimation. ► Temporal convolution model is combined with spatial dictionary mapping prior. ► Evaluation on in vivo aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and normal patients. ► Outperform existing methods in CBF estimation for low-dose CTP data. ► Improve the differentiation between ischemic and normal tissues in the brain.Abstract: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is an important functional imaging modality in the evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases, particularly in acute stroke and vasospasm. However, the post...
Source: Medical Image Analysis - March 7, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Ruogu Fang, Tsuhan Chen, Pina C. Sanelli Source Type: research

Inhibition of the Sur1-Trpm4 Channel Reduces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Sur1-Trpm4 channels are upregulated in humans and rats with SAH. Channel inhibition with glibenclamide may reduce neuroinflammation and the severity of cognitive deficits after SAH.
Source: Stroke - November 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Tosun, C., Kurland, D. B., Mehta, R., Castellani, R. J., deJong, J. L., Kwon, M. S., Woo, S. K., Gerzanich, V., Simard, J. M. Tags: Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Randomized Pilot Trial of Intensive Management of Blood Pressure or Volume Expansion in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (IMPROVES)
CONCLUSION: This pilot study showed adequate feasibility and excellent retention to follow-up. Given the suggestion of possible worse neurobehavioral outcome with ABP, a larger trial to determine the optimal blood pressure management in this patient population is warranted. (ClinTrials.gov NCT01414894.) ABBREVIATIONS: ABP, augmented blood pressure CBP, conventional DCI, delayed cerebral ischemia GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended HV, volume expansion mRS, modified Rankin Scale NV, normovolemia PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire RAVLT, Ray Auditory Verbal Learning Test SWLS, Satisfaction with Life scale TCD, transcranial...
Source: Neurosurgery - January 20, 2015 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Research-Human-Clinical Trials Source Type: research

Lipoxin A4 Reduces Inflammation Through Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Exogenous LXA4 inhibited inflammation by activating FPR2 and inhibiting p38 after SAH. LXA4 may serve as an alternative treatment to relieve early brain injury after SAH.
Source: Stroke - January 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Guo, Z., Hu, Q., Xu, L., Guo, Z.-N., Ou, Y., He, Y., Yin, C., Sun, X., Tang, J., Zhang, J. H. Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Multiple beneficial effects of melanocortin MC4 receptor agonists in experimental neurodegenerative disorders: Therapeutic perspectives
Publication date: Available online 1 December 2016 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Daniela Giuliani, Alessandra Ottani, Laura Neri, Davide Zaffe, Paolo Grieco, Jerzy Jochem, Gian Maria Cavallini, Anna Catania, Salvatore Guarini Melanocortin peptides induce neuroprotection in acute and chronic experimental neurodegenerative conditions. Melanocortins likewise counteract systemic responses to brain injuries. Furthermore, they promote neurogenesis by activating critical signaling pathways. Melanocortin-induced long-lasting improvement in synaptic activity and neurological performance, including learning and memory,...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - December 1, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Deep learning algorithms for detection of critical findings in head CT scans: a retrospective study
Publication date: Available online 11 October 2018Source: The LancetAuthor(s): Sasank Chilamkurthy, Rohit Ghosh, Swetha Tanamala, Mustafa Biviji, Norbert G Campeau, Vasantha Kumar Venugopal, Vidur Mahajan, Pooja Rao, Prashant WarierSummaryBackgroundNon-contrast head CT scan is the current standard for initial imaging of patients with head trauma or stroke symptoms. We aimed to develop and validate a set of deep learning algorithms for automated detection of the following key findings from these scans: intracranial haemorrhage and its types (ie, intraparenchymal, intraventricular, subdural, extradural, and subarachnoid); ca...
Source: The Lancet - October 12, 2018 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Deep Learning-Based Screening Test for Cognitive Impairment Using Basic Blood Test Data for Health Examination
Conclusions: The DNN model could predict cognitive function accurately. The predicted MMSE scores were significantly lower than the ground truth scores in the Healthy and Health examination groups, while there was no significant difference in the Patient group. We suggest that the difference between the predicted and ground truth MMSE scores was caused by changes in atherosclerosis with aging, and that applying the DNN model to younger subjects may predict future cognitive impairment after the onset of atherosclerosis.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Ifenprodil Improves Long-Term Neurologic Deficits Through Antagonizing Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
AbstractExcessive glutamate leading to excitotoxicity worsens brain damage after SAH and contributes to long-term neurological deficits. The drug ifenprodil is a non-competitive antagonist of GluN1-GluN2B N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which mediates excitotoxic damage in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glutamate level within 48  h was significantly elevated in aSAH patients who later developed poor outcome. In rat SAH model, ifenprodil can improve long-term sensorimotor and spatial learning deficits. Ifenprodil attenuates experimental SAH-induced neuronal death of basal cortex and h...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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