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Stroke Dysbiosis Index (SDI) in Gut Microbiome Are Associated With Brain Injury and Prognosis of Stroke
Conclusions: We developed an index to measure gut microbiota dysbiosis in stroke patients; this index was significantly correlated with patients' outcome and was causally related to outcome in a mouse model of stroke. Our model facilitates the potential clinical application of gut microbiota data in stroke and adds quantitative evidence linking the gut microbiota to stroke. Introduction Ischemic stroke imposes a heavy burden on society, with 24.9 million cases worldwide (1). Although intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment greatly improve some patients' prognosis, the prognosis for most pa...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Leukoaraiosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
ConclusionsA pro-inflammatory diet pattern, as indicated by higher DII values, appears to be associated with a higher risk of LA. This result suggested that dietary-mediated inflammation may involved in the pathogenesis of LA, which warrant further study.
Source: The Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging - March 29, 2020 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Stenosis Length and Degree Interact With the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Related to Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Conclusion: We found a statistically insignificant tendency for the ultrasound-measured length of sICAS<70% to be longer than that of sICAS≥70%. Moreover, the ultrasound-measured length of sICAS<90% was significantly longer than that of sICAS 90%. Among patients with sICAS≥70%, the degree and length of stenosis were inversely correlated. Larger studies are needed before a clinical implication can be drawn from these results. Introduction Internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) causes around one-fifth of ischemic cerebrovascular stroke and has the highest risk of early stroke recurrence...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Potential Applications of Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning for Chronic Cerebral Circulation Insufficiency
Conclusion Due to its long-term and often invisible course, CCCI has received less attention than acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, without appropriate intervention, CCCI may lead to a variety of adverse events. Because the pathophysiological changes associated with CCCI are complex, pharmacological research in this area has been disappointing. Recent research suggests that RLIC, which is less invasive and more well-tolerated than drug treatment, can activate endogenous protective mechanisms during CCCI. In the present report, we reviewed studies related to CCCI (Table 1), as well as those related to stroke and sta...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Modern Treatment of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis —The Importance of Both Medical Therapy and Carotid Endarterectomy
Each year there are approximately 700  000 new ischemic strokes in the US, and 10% to 15% of them are caused by thromboembolism from a previously asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS). Three large randomized clinical trials, published in the 1990s and early 2000s, have demonstrated a significant benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) i n preventing stroke in patients with severe ACS compared with medical therapy alone. They showed a 50% relative risk reduction in 5-year stroke rate and an approximately 1% per year absolute stroke risk reduction. Over the course of the past 2 decades, there has been significant improvement...
Source: JAMA Surgery - June 8, 2022 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research

Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study
Conclusion To conclude, this study suggests a preserved plasticity in the skeletal muscle of a patient with MELAS. More importantly, Resistance Training appears to be a safe and effective method to increase skeletal muscle function in this patient population, and this effect is mediated by both neuromuscular and mitochondrial adaptations. However, particular attention and caution is needed in the interpretation of the data of this single case study and further studies are warranted including larger sample of patients. Ethics Statement For this case study the participant caregiver provided written informed consent. Auth...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Inflammation May Be the Culprit Behind Our Deadliest Diseases
In the early days of my medical residency, I met a man whom we’ll call Jason. He arrived to our emergency room on a holiday, nonchalant yet amiable, and complained of mild chest pain. Jason was tall and trim, with a strong South Boston accent and fingertips still faintly stained from his last home-improvement project. He was only 45 years old, but he looked much younger. He didn’t smoke, barely drank alcohol, and his cholesterol levels had always been normal. No one in his family had a history of heart disease. He asked us if we could work quickly—he wanted to be home for dinner with his daughters. [time-...
Source: TIME: Health - April 11, 2023 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Shilpa Ravella Tags: Uncategorized freelance health Source Type: news

Editorial: Telomeres and Epigenetics in Endocrinology
This study was hypothesis-driven; the genetic variants were selected for being previously and substantially genotyped. The big sample size and the rich panel of other biomarkers allowed the authors to conduct much more detailed analyses on this topic. The third article by Provenzi et al. proposed their perspectives on the role of telomeres in premature birth and discussed the potential implications for early adversity and care in the neonatal intensive care unit (Pavanello et al.). Indeed, the speculation of telomeres in aging begins in the premature aging syndrome. It is thus interesting to examine if telomeres also play...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - April 23, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Hypoxia promotes tau hyperphosphorylation with associated neuropathology in vascular dysfunction.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an association between hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction and the sporadic occurrence of phosphorylated tau and cell death in the rat model, correlating with patient brain atrophy, which is relevant to vascular disease. PMID: 30010004 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - July 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Authors: Raz L, Bhaskar K, Weaver J, Marini S, Zhang Q, Thompson JF, Espinoza C, Iqbal S, Maphis NM, Weston L, Sillerud LO, Caprihan A, Pesko JC, Erhardt EB, Rosenberg GA Tags: Neurobiol Dis Source Type: research

A defined, plant-based diet as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of heart failure: A clinical case series.
CONCLUSION: As an adjunct treatment, a defined plant-based diet may contribute to the reversal of cardiac morphological and functional abnormalities in the setting of CHF. PMID: 31331563 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Complementary Therapies in Medicine - July 25, 2019 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Najjar RS, Montgomery BD Tags: Complement Ther Med Source Type: research

Imaging High-Risk Atherothrombosis Using a Novel Fibrin-Binding Positron Emission Tomography Probe
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that molecular fibrin PET imaging using 68Ga-CM246 could be a useful tool to diagnose experimental and clinical atherothrombosis. Based on our initial results using human carotid plaque specimens, in vivo molecular imaging studies are warranted to test 68Ga-CM246 PET as a tool to stratify risk in atherosclerotic patients.PMID:34965737 | DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.035638
Source: Atherosclerosis - December 30, 2021 Category: Cardiology Authors: David Izquierdo-Garcia Himashinie Diyabalanage Ian A Ramsay Nicholas J Rotile Adam Mauskapf Ji-Kyung Choi Thomas Witzel Valerie Humblet Farouc A Jaffer Anna-Liisa Brownell Ahmed Tawakol Ciprian Catana Mark F Conrad Peter Caravan Ilknur Ay Source Type: research

Differences in the choroid plexus volume and microstructure are associated with body adiposity
The choroid plexus (CP) is a cerebral structure located in the ventricles that functions in producing most of the brain’s cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and transporting proteins and immune cells. Alterations in CP structure and function has been implicated in several pathologies including aging, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and stroke. However, identification of changes in the CP remains poorly characterized in obesity, one of the main risk factors of neurodegeneration, including in the absence of frank central nervous system alterations. Our goal here was to characterize the association between obesity, measur...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - October 13, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Changes in Cardiovascular Health Across Midlife and Late-Life and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Cerebral Vascular Disease in Late-Life
CONCLUSIONS: Improving cardiovascular health within midlife and from midlife to late-life may prevent development of cerebral vascular disease.PMID:36951053 | DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041374
Source: Atherosclerosis - March 23, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sanaz Sedaghat Yuekai Ji Jean-Philippe Empana Timothy M Hughes Thomas H Mosley Rebecca F Gottesman Michael Griswold Clifford R Jack Pamela L Lutsey Thomas T van Sloten Source Type: research