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What Causes Facial Nerve Palsy?
Discussion Facial nerve palsy has been known for centuries, but in 1821 unilateral facial nerve paralysis was described by Sir Charles Bell. Bell’s palsy (BP) is a unilateral, acute facial paralysis that is clinically diagnosed after other etiologies have been excluded by appropriate history, physical examination and/or laboratory testing or imaging. Symptoms include abnormal movement of facial nerve. It can be associated with changes in facial sensation, hearing, taste or excessive tearing. The right and left sides are equally affected but bilateral BP is rare (0.3%). Paralysis can be complete or incomplete at prese...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - June 3, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: pediatriceducationmin Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Anti glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody mediated encephalopathy while on etanercept in a patient with multiple autoimmune diseases
A 39 year old lady presented with an altered mental state and unsteadiness of gait. She had a history of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis and alopecia, protein S deficiency with vena cava thrombosis, previous excision of ovarian mass and vasculitic rash. There was a previous history of ovarian mass and her immunomodulatory therapy for arthritis over the previous year was Etanercept. She used recreational cannabis but denied any other illicit drug usage. Her affect was variable and at times inappropriate with frequent laughter. She would spit regularly. There was anxiety and a prevailing sensation of do...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: MacDougall, N., Waddell, B., O'Riordan, J. I. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Brain stem / cerebellum, Drugs: CNS (not psychiatric), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs misuse (including addiction), Connective tissue disease, Musculoskeletal syndromes Association of British Source Type: research

4 Cases of Aseptic Encephalitis Mimicking Right Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome (P6.028)
We present 4 cases of presumed aseptic encephalitis in Southern California all causing a transient right MCA syndrome (eyes deviated to the right, left hemianopia, left hemiparesis, and inattention), with 3 of them presenting within a 10 day period, and all within a geographic radius of 40 miles. None of these cases had right MCA vascular occlusions, ischemic infarcts on imaging or severe hyperglycemia. All patients had near-complete resolution of the right MCA syndromes between 3-12 days. 2 of 4 cases developed complex or secondary generalized partial motor seizures requiring treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Every pati...
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Way, C., Sangha, N. Tags: Ischemic Stroke Diagnosis Source Type: research

Neurological Perspectives of Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema
Background: Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is characterized by acute respiratory distress triggered by acute, severe compromise of the central nervous system (CNS). This review aims at summarizing and discussing recent and previous findings about the type and frequency of CNS triggers of NPE, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients experiencing NPE.Key Messages: NPE is diagnosed in the presence of pink, frothy sputum, pulmonary edema, bilateral opacities on X-ray, PaO2:PiO2 #x3c;200 mm Hg, acute CNS compromise with increased intra-cranial pressure, rapid resolution within 48 –72 h, and the absence o...
Source: European Neurology - May 22, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research