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Gastric Bypass Surgery Produces a Durable Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Reduces the Long-Term Risks of Congestive Heart Failure Preventive Cardiology
ConclusionsGastric bypass is associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events and the development of congestive heart failure.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 23, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Benotti, P. N., Wood, G. C., Carey, D. J., Mehra, V. C., Mirshahi, T., Lent, M. R., Petrick, A. T., Still, C., Gerhard, G. S., Hirsch, A. G. Tags: Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, Metabolic Syndrome, Remodeling, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Race-Sex Differences in Statin Use and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control Among People With Diabetes Mellitus in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study Health Services and Outcomes Research
BackgroundStatin therapy is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease risk reduction for people with diabetes mellitus. Past reports have shown race‐sex differences in statin use in general populations, but statin patterns by race and sex in those with diabetes mellitus have not been thoroughly studied.Methods and ResultsOur sample of 4288 adults ≥45 years of age with diagnosed diabetes mellitus who had low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)>100 mg/dL or were taking statins recruited for the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study from 2003 to 2007. Exposures included race‐sex groups (w...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - May 10, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gamboa, C. M., Colantonio, L. D., Brown, T. M., Carson, A. P., Safford, M. M. Tags: Lipids and Cholesterol, Diabetes, Type 2, Epidemiology, Race and Ethnicity, Health Services Original Research Source Type: research

Temporal Trends in Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Atrial Fibrillation in Primary Care Epidemiology
BackgroundIncidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) are expected to increase dramatically; however, we currently lack comprehensive data on temporal trends in unselected clinical populations.Methods and ResultsAnalysis of the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) from 1998 to 2010 of patients with incident AF, excluding major valvular disease, linked to hospital admission data and national statistics. Fifty‐seven thousand eight hundred eighteen adults were identified with mean age 74.2 (SD, 11.7) years and 48.3% women. Overall age‐adjusted incidence of AF per 1000 person years was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.09...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - April 28, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lane, D. A., Skȷoth, F., Lip, G. Y. H., Larsen, T. B., Kotecha, D. Tags: Catheter Ablation and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator, Mortality/Survival, Quality and Outcomes Original Research Source Type: research

History of Periodontitis Diagnosis and Edentulism as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease, Stroke, and Mortality in Postmenopausal Women Epidemiology
BackgroundFew studies have reported associations between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older women, which is the objective of the present investigation.Methods and ResultsParticipants were 57 001 postmenopausal women ages 55 to 89 years (mean 68 years;>85% 60 and older) who were enrolled (1993–1998) in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, and were without known CVD when history of periodontitis and edentulism was assessed by questionnaire at study Year‐5 (1998–2003). There were 3589 incident CVD events and 3816 total deaths during a mean follow‐up of 6.7 years. In multivar...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 29, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: LaMonte, M. J., Genco, R. J., Hovey, K. M., Wallace, R. B., Freudenheim, J. L., Michaud, D. S., Mai, X., Tinker, L. F., Salazar, C. R., Andrews, C. A., Li, W., Eaton, C. B., Martin, L. W., Wactawski-Wende, J. Tags: Aging, Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Women, Mortality/Survival Original Research Source Type: research

Performance of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Pooled Cohort Risk Equations by Social Deprivation Status Epidemiology
BackgroundThe atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) Pooled Cohort risk equations have shown different calibration across US populations with varied levels of social deprivation.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed the calibration and discrimination of the Pooled Cohort risk equations by social deprivation status among 9066 REGARDS (REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke) study participants not taking statins for whom ASCVD risk may lead to statin initiation. Patients were aged 45 to 79 years, had no ASCVD or diabetes mellitus, and had a low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level 70 to 189 mg/dL. Soci...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 17, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Colantonio, L. D., Richman, J. S., Carson, A. P., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Howard, G., Deng, L., Howard, V. J., Safford, M. M., Muntner, P., Goff, D. C. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Lifestyle, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors Original Research Source Type: research

Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease by the Framingham-REGICOR Equation in the High-Risk PREDIMED Cohort: Impact of the Mediterranean Diet Across Different Risk Strata Epidemiology
ConclusionsIncident CVD increased in parallel with estimated risk in the PREDIMED cohort, but most events occurred in non–high‐risk categories, particularly in women. Until predictive tools are improved, promotion of the Mediterranean diet might be useful to reduce CVD independent of baseline risk.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Amor, A. J., Serra-Mir, M., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Corella, D., Salas-Salvado, J., Fito, M., Estruch, R., Serra-Maȷem, L., Aros, F., Babio, N., Ros, E., Ortega, E., the PREDIMED Investigators Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Diet and Nutrition, Epidemiology, Lifestyle, Primary Prevention Original Research Source Type: research

Beta-Blocker Use Is Associated With Impaired Left Atrial Function in Hypertension Hypertension
BackgroundImpaired left atrial (LA) mechanical function is present in hypertension and likely contributes to various complications, including atrial arrhythmias, stroke, and heart failure. Various antihypertensive drug classes exert differential effects on central hemodynamics and left ventricular function. However, little is known about their effects on LA function.Methods and ResultsWe studied 212 subjects with hypertension and without heart failure or atrial fibrillation. LA strain was measured from cine steady‐state free‐precession cardiac MRI images using feature‐tracking algorithms. In multivariable models adju...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 3, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sardana, M., Syed, A. A., Hashmath, Z., Phan, T. S., Koppula, M. R., Kewan, U., Ahmed, Z., Chandamuri, R., Varakantam, S., Shah, E., Gorz, R., Akers, S. R., Chirinos, J. A. Tags: Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Original Research Source Type: research

Sex Differences in the Association Between Insulin Resistance and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among Blacks Without Diabetes Mellitus: The Jackson Heart Study Epidemiology
ConclusionsBoth HOMA‐IR and the McAuley index demonstrate strong associations with CHD but not stroke risk in blacks. The logHOMA‐IR and CHD association was present in men, but not in women.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 2, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Effoe, V. S., Wagenknecht, L. E., Echouffo Tcheugui, J. B., Chen, H., Joseph, J. J., Kalyani, R. R., Bell, R. A., Wu, W.-C. H., Casanova, R., Bertoni, A. G. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Post-Glucose Load Measures of Insulin Resistance and Prognosis of Nondiabetic Patients With Ischemic Stroke Stroke
This study aimed to estimate the association between post–glucose load measures of insulin resistance and prognosis of nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.Methods and ResultsData were derived from the ACROSS‐China (Abnormal Glucose Regulation in Patients with Acute Stroke across China) registry. Patients with ischemic stroke without a history of diabetes mellitus were included. Two post–glucose load measures of insulin sensitivity, the insulin sensitivity indices ISI(composite) and the ISI0,120, were calculated. Outcomes included stroke recurrence, all‐cause death, and poor functional outcome at 12 months. A...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 20, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Pan, Y., Jing, J., Chen, W., Zheng, H., Jia, Q., Mi, D., Li, H., Zhao, X., Liu, L., Wang, C., Gaisano, H. Y., He, Y., Wang, Y., Tags: Ischemic Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

International Variation in Outcomes Among People with Cardiovascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Insights from the NAVIGATOR Trial Epidemiology
BackgroundRegional differences in risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular outcomes in people with impaired glucose tolerance are poorly characterized. Our objective was to evaluate regional variation in risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular outcomes, and treatment effects in participants from the NAVIGATOR (Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research) trial.Methods and ResultsNAVIGATOR randomized people with impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors or with established cardiovascular disease to valsartan (or placebo) and to nateglinide (or placebo) with a ...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 13, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Harumi Higuchi dos Santos, M., Sharma, A., Sun, J.-L., Pieper, K., McMurray, J. J. V., Holman, R. R., Lopes, R. D. Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Type 2, Risk Factors Original Research Source Type: research

Impact of Insurance Status on Outcomes and Use of Rehabilitation Services in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Findings From Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Health Services and Outcomes Research
The objective was to determine whether patients without insurance or with government‐sponsored insurance had worse quality of care or in‐hospital outcomes in acute ischemic stroke.Methods and ResultsMultivariable logistic regressions with generalized estimating equations stratified by age under or at least 65 years were adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidities, presenting factors, and hospital characteristics to determine differences in in‐hospital mortality and postdischarge destination. We included 589 320 ischemic stroke patients treated at 1604 US hospitals participating in the Get With The Guideline...
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - November 13, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Medford-Davis, L. N., Fonarow, G. C., Bhatt, D. L., Xu, H., Smith, E. E., Suter, R., Peterson, E. D., Xian, Y., Matsouaka, R. A., Schwamm, L. H. Tags: Ischemic Stroke Original Research Source Type: research

Histological Findings and Predictors of Cerebral Debris From Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: The ALSTER Experience Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
ConclusionThis study showed a high rate of embolic debris consisting of typical anatomic structures known to be altered in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Female patients with diabetes mellitus have increased risk of embolic debris and should be protected by a cerebral protection system during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Because valve tissue embolizes more often in patients with predilation, procedural planning should consider this finding. Both cerebral arteries (brachiocephalic trunk, left carotid artery) should be protected in the same way.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - November 9, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Schmidt, T., Akdag, O., Wohlmuth, P., Thielsen, T., Schewel, D., Schewel, J., Alessandrini, H., Kreidel, F., Bader, R., Romero, M., Ladich, E., Virmani, R., Schafer, U., Kuck, K.–H., Frerker, C. Tags: Aortic Valve Replacement/Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, Catheter-Based Coronary and Valvular Interventions, Treatment Original Research Source Type: research

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiac Structure and Function in Adolescence Epidemiology
ConclusionsAdolescent offspring exposed to maternal preeclampsia had greater relative wall thickness and reduced left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, which could be early signs of concentric remodeling and affect future cardiac function as well as risk of cardiovascular disease.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - October 30, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Timpka, S., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Hughes, A. D., Chaturvedi, N., Franks, P. W., Lawlor, D. A., Fraser, A. Tags: Epidemiology, Pediatrics, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Remodeling Original Research Source Type: research

Cerebral Microbleeds, Vascular Risk Factors, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers: The Northern Manhattan Study Epidemiology
Conclusions CMBs may represent the severity of vascular disease in this racially and ethnically diverse cohort. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the association between diabetes medication use and CMB presence.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - September 15, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Caunca, M. R., Del Brutto, V., Gardener, H., Shah, N., Dequatre-Ponchelle, N., Cheung, Y. K., Elkind, M. S. V., Brown, T. R., Cordonnier, C., Sacco, R. L., Wright, C. B. Tags: Epidemiology, Race and Ethnicity Source Type: research

Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Epidemiology
Conclusions By using a single continuous metric for PA levels, we were able to make a comparison of the effect of PA on CVD incidence and mortality including myocardial infarct (MI), stroke, and heart failure, as well as T2DM. Effect sizes were generally similar for CVD and T2DM, and suggested that the greatest gain in health is associated with moving from inactivity to small amounts of PA.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - September 13, 2016 Category: Cardiology Authors: Wahid, A., Manek, N., Nichols, M., Kelly, P., Foster, C., Webster, P., Kaur, A., Friedemann Smith, C., Wilkins, E., Rayner, M., Roberts, N., Scarborough, P. Tags: Epidemiology, Exercise, Primary Prevention, Health Services, Meta Analysis Source Type: research

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