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Source: Clinical Neurophysiology
Condition: Spinal Cord Injury

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Total 15 results found since Jan 2013.

Clinical and electrophysiological investigation of spastic muscle overactivity in patients with disorders of consciousness following severe brain injury
About a third of patients who underwent a stroke or a traumatic brain injury will develop upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome with spastic muscle overactivity (SMO) (Wissel et al. 2010, 2013; Martens et al. 2018). This syndrome can occur following any central nervous system lesion involving the corticospinal tract and parapyramidal tracts along the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. UMN syndrome is classically described with positive (e.g., SMO) and negative signs (e.g., muscle weakness, fatigability) (Thibaut et al.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - December 7, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: G. Martens, T. Deltombe, M. Foidart-Dessalle, S. Laureys, A. Thibaut Source Type: research

Spasticity in adults with cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis measured by objective clinically applicable technique
Spasticity occurs frequently following lesions of central motor pathways in neurological disorders such as stroke (Malhotra et al., 2009; Sommerfeld et al., 2012), spinal cord injury (Sheean, 2002), multiple sclerosis (MS) (Sinkjaer et al., 1993; Mayer, 1997) and cerebral palsy (CP) (Gracies, 2005). Spasticity is most commonly defined as a velocity dependent increase in muscle tone with exaggeration of the stretch reflex circuitry (Lance, 1980). However, in the clinic a somewhat broader understanding of spasticity, which also includes sustained muscle contractions such as spasms and spastic dystonia as well as alterations ...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - July 15, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tomofumi Yamaguchi, Tue Hvass Petersen, Henrik Kirk, Christian Forman, Christian Svane, Mathilde Kofoed-Hansen, Finn Boesen, Jakob Lorentzen Source Type: research

B-16. Artificial neural connection using a computer interface
Functional loss of limb control in individuals with spinal cord injury or stroke can be caused by transection of descending pathways those connects cortical to spinal network, although neural circuits locate above and below the impaired site remains their function. I will show an artificial neuronal connection (ANC) that bridges supra-spinal system and spinal network beyond the lesion site restore lost function. The ANC was produced by a computer interface that can detect the neural activity and converted in real-time to activity-contingent electrical stimuli delivered to nervous system.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 26, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yukio Nishimura Source Type: research

O-2-6-15. Immediate effects of anodal tDCS combined with patterned electrical stimulation on gait performance in patients with stroke
This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of anodal tDCS combined with PES on gait performance in patients with stroke. Twelve patients with subacute stroke participated in this double-masked, sham-controlled cross-over study. They randomly participated in the following sessions on separate days: (1) anodal tDCS+PES; (2) anodal tDCS+sham PES; (3) sham tDCS+PES.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - August 17, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tomofumi Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki Fujiwara, Kazuhei Maeda, Tsuyoshi Tatemoto, Shigeo Tanabe, Yoko Takahashi, Katsuhiro Mizuno, Yoshihisa Masakado, Meigen Liu Source Type: research

Somatosensory and auditory startle reflex in patients with stroke and spinal cord injury
Somatosensory startle reflex (SSSR) was recently studied in healthy subjects. Following corticospinal tract lesions caused by stroke or spinal cord injury (SCI), auditory startle reflex (ASR) has been reported to enhance due to reorganization of circuits rostral and caudal to the lesion. To further understand changes in SSSR and ASR, we investigated both responses in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - February 11, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M.E. Kiziltan, M. Sohtaoglu, A. Gunduz, M. Bozluolçay, N. Uzun Source Type: research

A brain–computer interface for single-trial detection of gait initiation from movement related cortical potentials
Neurological conditions, such as stroke, spinal cord injury or Parkinson’s disease, often result in impaired motor control and consequent difficulty of the patient to perform activities of daily living. One of the goals of rehabilitation is to promote the patient’s independency with the aim of restoring the loss of movement ability.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ning Jiang, Leonardo Gizzi, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting, Kim Dremstrup, Dario Farina Source Type: research

An automated and fast approach to detect single-trial visual evoked potentials with application to brain–computer interface
Brain–computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology which can establish a pathway between the human brain and computers through recording and decoding brain activity (Wolpaw et al., 2002). Since the control of BCI system is directly based on the recorded brain activity without the involvement of neuromuscular system, it allows people who suffer from motor dysfunction or impairment (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury) to communicate with the external world or control prosthesis (Vaughan et al., 2003).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 14, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yiheng Tu, Yeung Sam Hung, Li Hu, Gan Huang, Yong Hu, Zhiguo Zhang Source Type: research

A region-based two-step P300-based brain–computer interface for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The brain–computer interface (BCI) or brain–machine interface (BMI) is an interface technology that enables communication with others and control of the environment or of a prosthesis without any muscle movement (Wolpaw et al., 2002; Birbaumer and Cohen, 2007; Daly and Wolpaw, 2008). In this decade, the use of BCI technology has become widespread, mainly for preclinical research, due to technical and mechanical improvements, and new technology been designed to help individuals with severe neurological disabilities, especially motor difficulties such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and cerebral stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 26, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shiro Ikegami, Kouji Takano, Kiyohiko Kondo, Naokatsu Saeki, Kenji Kansaku Source Type: research

P 105. Efficacy of Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in rehabilitation of motor hand function in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury may depend on sensory impairment: A pilot study
Introduction: Impairment of motor function in Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with reduction in the excitability of motor cortical (M1) representations to muscles (), while recovery is associated with representational plasticity (). Noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) such as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) increases M1 excitability, and has beneficial effects on retention of motor skill training in both the healthy and chronic stroke survivor (). However, sensory impairment may independently predict limits of recovery of functional independence ().Objective: This pilot study included incomple...
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - September 19, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: J. Ashworth-Beaumont, A. Nowicky Tags: Society Proceedings Source Type: research

Toward gaze-independent brain-computer interfaces
The ability to communicate by speech, text or gestures is essential to human interaction. This ability is impaired in many people who are affected by debilitating neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, or spinal cord injury. Conventional assistive devices (e.g., letter boards, cheek or tongue switches, or eye trackers) that aim to restore communication functions all require muscular control, which is often lost in the progress of neuromuscular disorders.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 6, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Peter Brunner, Gerwin Schalk Tags: Editorials Source Type: research