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Dextromethorphan/Quinidine for Pseudobulbar Affect Following Stroke: Safety and Effectiveness in the PRISM II Trial
Dextromethorphan (DM)/quinidine (Q) was approved for pseudobulbar affect (PBA) treatment based upon efficacy and safety trials in patients with PBA secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis. The PRISM II trial evaluated DM/Q as PBA treatment in patients with stroke, dementia or traumatic brain injury.
Source: PM and R - July 2, 2018 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Richard D. Zorowitz, David N. Alexander, Andrea E. Formella, Fred Ledon, Charles Davis, Joao Siffert Source Type: research

Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Dextromethorphan/Quinidine for Pseudobulbar Affect Among Study Participants With Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From the PRISM-II Open Label Study
Dextromethorphan 20mg /quinidine 10mg (DM/Q) was approved to treat pseudobulbar affect (PBA) based upon phase 3 trials conducted in participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or multiple sclerosis. PRISM II evaluated DM/Q effectiveness, safety and tolerability for PBA following stroke, dementia or traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective. To report results from the TBI cohort of PRISM II, including a TBI-specific functional scale. Design. Open-label trial evaluating twice daily DM/Q over 90 days.
Source: PM and R - February 22, 2018 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Flora M. Hammond, William Sauve, Fred Ledon, Charles Davis, Andrea E. Formella Source Type: research

Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Reducing Falls and Improving Gait Parameters in Multiple Sclerosis and Stroke
Loss of neuromuscular control of the ankle joint is a common impairment in neurologic conditions, leading to abnormal gait and a greater risk of falling. Limited information, however, is available on the effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on reducing falls, and no studies have investigated its usefulness in improving lower limbs kinematics related to foot clearance and energy recovery.
Source: PM and R - November 3, 2016 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Elisa Gervasoni, Riccardo Parelli, Marcin Uszynski, Alessandro Crippa, Alberto Marzegan, Angelo Montesano, Davide Cattaneo Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Botulinum Toxin Injection Techniques for the Management of Adult Spasticity
Spasticity is often experienced by individuals with injury or illness of the central nervous system from etiologies such as stroke, spinal cord injury, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, or other neurologic conditions. Although spasticity may provide benefits in some patients, it more often leads to complications negatively impacting the patient. Nonpharmacologic treatment options often do not provide long-term reduction of spasticity, and systemic interventions, such as oral medications, can have intolerable side effects.
Source: PM and R - October 8, 2014 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Heather Walker, Michael Y. Lee, Laxman B. Bahroo, Peter Hedera, David Charles Tags: Narrative Review Source Type: research

Botulinum Toxin Injection Techniques for Management of Adult Spasticity
Spasticity is often experienced by individuals with injury or illness of the central nervous system from etiologies such as stroke, spinal cord injury, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, or other neurologic conditions. Although spasticity may provide benefits in some patients, it more often leads to complications negatively impacting the patient. Non-pharmacologic treatment options often do not provide long term reduction of spasticity, and systemic interventions, such as oral medications, can have intolerable side effects.
Source: PM and R - October 8, 2014 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Heather Walker, Michael Y. Lee, Laxman B. Bahroo, Peter Hedera, David Charles Source Type: research

The Effect of Neural Lesion Type on Botulinum Toxin Dosage: A Retrospective Chart Review
Conclusion: In our practice, we found that treating spasticity in people with MS required the greatest dose of botulinum toxin, followed by CP and then stroke.
Source: PM and R - November 11, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Chetan P. Phadke, Caitlin Davidson, Farooq Ismail, Chris Boulias Tags: Original Research Source Type: research

Diagnosis and Treatment of Abductor Hallucis Focal Dystonia With Botulinum Toxin Injection: A Case Presentation
Orthopedic foot deformities can result from neurologic conditions such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy . In such cases, imaging studies of the foot are often not diagnostic of the underlying problem. Although it is not always considered, electrodiagnostic assessment can detect dystonia, spasticity, and neuropathy . The information gained from these electrodiagnostic studies can guide therapy, including medical and surgical management. This case study describes the successful evaluation and treatment of abducted hallux deformity by using electrodiagnostic testing and botulinum injection treatment.
Source: PM and R - August 1, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Nathan S. Rosenberg, Ib R. Odderson Tags: Case Presentation Source Type: research

Adherence Associated With Oral Medications in the Treatment of Spasticity
Objective: To examine adherence to baclofen, tizanidine, and dantrolene (U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved oral spasticity medications), and identified determinants of adherence.Design: A retrospective administrative claims data analysis that used medical and pharmacy claims data and enrollment information from a large, national U.S. health plan.Subjects and Methods: The subjects were commercial health plan members who initiated treatment on baclofen, tizanidine, or dantrolene from January 1, 2004, through September 30, 2009, and who had stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, or mult...
Source: PM and R - May 6, 2013 Category: Rehabilitation Authors: Rachel Halpern, Patrick Gillard, Glenn D. Graham, Sepideh F. Varon, Richard D. Zorowitz Tags: Original Research Source Type: research