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Contemporary Trends and Predictors of Postacute Service Use and Routine Discharge Home After Stroke Stroke
Conclusions Four in 10 stroke patients are discharged home without services. Although little has changed overall in PAC use since 2003, further research is needed to explain the shift in service use by type and its effect on outcomes.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 23, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Prvu Bettger, J., McCoy, L., Smith, E. E., Fonarow, G. C., Schwamm, L. H., Peterson, E. D. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Ideal Cardiovascular Health Predicts Functional Status Independently of Vascular Events: The Northern Manhattan Study Epidemiology
Conclusions Ideal CVH predicts functional status, even after accounting for incident vascular events. Vascular functional impairment is an important outcome that can be reduced by optimizing vascular health.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 12, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Dhamoon, M. S., Dong, C., Elkind, M. S. V., Sacco, R. L. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Clinical Correlates and Prognostic Significance of Change in Standardized Left Ventricular Mass in a Community-Based Cohort of African Americans Epidemiology
Conclusions In our community-based sample of African Americans, baseline BMI and BP, and change in BP on follow-up were key determinants of increase in standardized log-LVMI, which in turn carried an adverse prognosis, underscoring the need for greater control of BP and weight in this group.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - February 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Fox, E. R., Musani, S. K., Samdarshi, T. E., Taylor, J. K., Beard, W. L., Sarpong, D. F., Xanthakis, V., McClendon, E. E., Liebson, P. R., Skelton, T. N., Butler, K. R., Mosley, T. H., Taylor, H., Vasan, R. S. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Predictors of Long-term Clinical Endpoints in Patients With Refractory Angina Coronary Heart Disease
Conclusions Clinically stable patients with RA who are medically managed have a modest mortality, but a high incidence of hospitalization and resource use over 3 years. These findings point to the need for novel therapies aimed at symptom mitigation in this population and their potential impact on health care utilization and costs.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 30, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Povsic, T. J., Broderick, S., Anstrom, K. J., Shaw, L. K., Ohman, E. M., Eisenstein, E. L., Smith, P. K., Alexander, J. H. Tags: Coronary Heart Disease Source Type: research

Cardiac Hemodynamics are Linked With Structural and Functional Features of Brain Aging: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study Epidemiology
Conclusions A graded decrease in cardiac functioning is associated with features of brain aging. Older persons with cardiac or cognitive signs and symptoms may have both cardiac and cerebral diseases and should be evaluated accordingly.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 27, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sabayan, B., van Buchem, M. A., Sigurdsson, S., Zhang, Q., Harris, T. B., Gudnason, V., Arai, A. E., Launer, L. J. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Neurological Complications and Outcomes in the Berlin Heart EXCOR(R) Pediatric Investigational Device Exemption Trial Pediatric Cardiology
Conclusions Of children treated with the Berlin Heart EXCOR® device as a bridge to transplant, 29% experienced at least 1 neurological event. The majority of neurological events were ischemic strokes, and many of those occurred early in the course of support. Neurological injury was the leading cause of death after implantation of the Berlin Heart EXCOR® device. Risk stratification for stroke or neurological injury is not possible based on baseline preimplantation characteristics. Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT00583661.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 22, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jordan, L. C., Ichord, R. N., Reinhartz, O., Humpl, T., Pruthi, S., Tjossem, C., Rosenthal, D. N. Tags: Pediatric Cardiology Source Type: research

Prospective National Study of the Prevalence, Incidence, Management and Outcome of a Large Contemporary Cohort of Patients With Incident Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
Conclusions In the present study the prevalence and incidence of AF, stroke, and death were comparable to those reported in Europe and North America. The low use of anticoagulation calls for measures to increase adherence to current treatment recommendations in order to improve outcomes.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 21, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Haim, M., Hoshen, M., Reges, O., Rabi, Y., Balicer, R., Leibowitz, M. Tags: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Source Type: research

Abnormal Stress-Related Measures of Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women With Impaired Fasting Glucose at Risk for a First Episode of Symptomatic Heart Failure Epidemiology
Conclusion Middle- and older-aged individuals with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose have higher stress measures of arterial stiffness than those with normal fasting glucose. These data emphasize the need for future studies with larger sample sizes to determine whether stress-related elevations in arterial stiffness are related to exercise intolerance and future episodes of heart failure experienced by those with abnormalities of fasting glucose. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00542503.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 14, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vasu, S., Morgan, T. M., Kitzman, D. W., Bertoni, A., Stacey, R. B., Hamilton, C., Chiles, C., Thohan, V., Hundley, W. G. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Can a Novel Clinical Risk Score Improve Pneumonia Prediction in Acute Stroke Care? A UK Multicenter Cohort Study Stroke
Conclusions The ISAN score is a simple tool for predicting SAP in clinical practice. External validation is required in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke cohorts.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 13, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Smith, C. J., Bray, B. D., Hoffman, A., Meisel, A., Heuschmann, P. U., Wolfe, C. D. A., Tyrrell, P. J., Rudd, A. G., the Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party Group Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Comparative Effectiveness of Standard Care With IV Thrombolysis Versus Without IV Thrombolysis for Mild Ischemic Stroke Stroke
Conclusions In this observational registry-based study, standard care with IVT is more effective than not receiving IVT in mild ischemic stroke patients, and there is a statistically nonsignificant risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 9, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Choi, J. C., Jang, M. U., Kang, K., Park, J.-M., Ko, Y., Lee, S.-J., Cha, J.-K., Kim, D.-H., Park, S. S., Park, T. H., Lee, K. B., Lee, J., Kim, J.-T., Cho, K.-H., Yu, K.-H., Oh, M.-S., Lee, B.-C., Cho, Y.-J., Kim, D.-E., Lee, J. S., Lee, J., Gorelick, P. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Lower Mortality Rate in Elderly Patients With Community-Onset Pneumonia on Treatment With Aspirin Epidemiology
Conclusions This study shows that chronic aspirin use is associated with lower mortality rate within 30 days after hospital admission in a large cohort of patients with pneumonia.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - January 6, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Falcone, M., Russo, A., Cangemi, R., Farcomeni, A., Calvieri, C., Barilla, F., Scarpellini, M. G., Bertazzoni, G., Palange, P., Taliani, G., Venditti, M., Violi, F. Tags: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Traumatic Brain Injury Disrupts Cerebrovascular Tone Through Endothelial Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Nitric Oxide Gain of Function Stroke
Conclusions The mechanism of profound cerebral artery vasodilation after TBI is a gain of function in vascular NO production by 60-fold over controls, resulting from upregulation of the inducible isoform of NO synthase in the endothelium.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - December 19, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Villalba, N., Sonkusare, S. K., Longden, T. A., Tran, T. L., Sackheim, A. M., Nelson, M. T., Wellman, G. C., Freeman, K. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

Anti-Inflammatory Immune Skewing Is Atheroprotective: Apoe-/-Fc{gamma}RIIb-/- Mice Develop Fibrous Carotid Plaques Vascular Medicine
Conclusions We hypothesized that removal of FcRIIb would exacerbate atherosclerosis and generate unstable plaques. However, we found that deletion of FcRIIb on a congenic C57BL/6 background induces an anti-inflammatory Treg/M2 polarization that is atheroprotective.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - December 16, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Harmon, E. Y., Fronhofer, V., Keller, R. S., Feustel, P. J., Zhu, X., Xu, H., Avram, D., Jones, D. M., Nagarajan, S., Lennartz, M. R. Tags: Vascular Medicine Source Type: research

Resistive and Pulsatile Arterial Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Events: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Heart Failure
Conclusions Greater total arterial compliance, manifest by higher stroke volume/pulse pressure is associated with a reduced incidence of subsequent CVE. In contrast, SVR was not independently associated with CVE in subjects free of overt cardiovascular disease at baseline. These findings support the concept that alternations in the large conduit vessels, rather than changes in microvascular resistance, are primarily related to incident cardiovascular disease.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - December 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lilly, S. M., Jacobs, D., Bluemke, D. A., Duprez, D., Zamani, P., Chirinos, J. Tags: Heart Failure Source Type: research

Declining Rates of Fatal and Nonfatal Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Epidemiological Trends in Australia Stroke
Conclusions Overall and fatal ICH rates have fallen in this large Australian population. Improvements in cardiovascular prevention and acute care may explain declining rates. There was no evidence of an increase in devastated survivors because the longer term mortality of 30-day survivors has not increased over time.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - December 8, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Gattellari, M., Goumas, C., Worthington, J. Tags: Stroke Source Type: research

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