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Diabetes and Stroke: What Are the Connections?
J Stroke. 2023 Jan 3. doi: 10.5853/jos.2022.02306. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including stroke. People with diabetes have a 1.5-2 times higher risk of stroke compared with people without diabetes, with risk increasing with diabetes duration. These risks may also differ according to sex, with a greater risk observed among women versus men. Several mechanisms associated with diabetes lead to stroke, including large artery atherosclerosis, cerebral small vessel disease, and car...
Source: Atherosclerosis - January 2, 2023 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ofri Mosenzon Alice Yy Cheng Alejandro A Rabinstein Simona Sacco Source Type: research

PPAR agonists for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with Diabetes
Conclusions: According to this study, Pioglitazone treatment in type 2 diabetes patients and hypersensitive Ischemic stroke patients is linked to minor ischemic stroke which is recurrent in Asian people. Pioglitazone and the telmisartan treatment have an increasing pleiotropic effect related to the higher PPAR- gamma effects. Further research needs to be conducted with the PPAR mechanism ' s details to confirm the PPAR effect on Ischemic stroke treatment. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2021; 35(3): 249-257]Keywords: PPAR agonist, Dyslipidaemia, Thiazolidinediones, Type 2 diabetes, Pioglitazone, PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, Insulin resistance, Alecardio.
Source: Ethiopian Journal of Health Development - November 25, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Zheng Xia, Guo Lixia, Zhang Zhijun Source Type: research

Janssen Demonstrates Commitment to Advancing Science and Innovation in the Treatment of Solid Tumors at ESMO Annual Congress
September 8, 2021 (RARITAN, N.J.) – The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson announced today that more than ten data presentations from its lung cancer, bladder cancer and prostate cancer portfolio and pipeline will be featured during the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Annual Congress 2021 virtual meeting, September 16–21. Further details about these data and the science Janssen is advancing will be made available throughout ESMO via the Janssen Oncology Virtual Newsroom.“With a diverse oncology portfolio and pipeline spanning bladder cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer, Janssen...
Source: Johnson and Johnson - September 8, 2021 Category: Pharmaceuticals Tags: Innovation Source Type: news

Stroke Prevention: Little-Known and Neglected Aspects
Combining available therapies has the potential to reduce the risk of stroke by 80% or more. A comprehensive review of all aspects of stroke prevention would be very lengthy; in this narrative review, we focus on some aspects of stroke prevention that are little-known and/or neglected. These include the following: (1) implementation of a Mediterranean diet; (2) B vitamins to lower homocysteine; (3) coordinated approaches to smoking cessation; (4) intensive lipid-lowering therapy; (5) lipid lowering in the elderly; (6) physiologically individualized therapy for hypertension based on renin/aldosterone phenotyping; (7) avoidi...
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - May 27, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) – Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: David S.H. Bell, Edison Goncalves Tags: Review Source Type: research

Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) -Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: David S.H. Bell, Edison Goncalves Tags: Review Source Type: research

PPARγ is a gatekeeper for extracellular matrix and vascular cell homeostasis: beneficial role in pulmonary hypertension and renal/cardiac/pulmonary fibrosis
Purpose of review Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and apoptosis, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and metabolic disturbances that include disrupted bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) axis and DNA damage. Activation of PPARγ improves many of these mechanisms, although erroneous reports on potential adverse effects of thiazolidinedione (TZD)-class PPARγ agonists reduced their clinical use in the past decade. Here, we...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - January 30, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Edited by Nancy J. Brown Source Type: research

Activation of The Metabolic Master Regulator PPAR γ - A Potential PIOneering Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
The objective is a data-driven approach to set the preclinical and clinical study record straight. The convincing recent clinical trial data on the lack of significant toxicity in high risk populations justify the timely conduction of clinical studies in order to achieve "repurposing" or "repositioning" of pioglitazone for the treatment of clinical PAH. PMID: 31577451 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Respir Cell Mol... - October 1, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hansmann G, Calvier L, Risbano MG, Chan SY Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or TIA in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Treated with Pioglitazone.
Conclusions -In IRIS, with surveillance and dose adjustments, pioglitazone did not increase risk of HF, and conferred net cardiovascular benefit in patients with insulin resistance and cerebrovascular disease. The risk of HF with pioglitazone was not modified by baseline HF risk. The IRIS experience may be instructive for maximizing the net benefit of this therapy. Clinical Trial Registration -URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00091949. PMID: 29934374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - June 22, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Young LH, Viscoli CM, Schwartz GG, Inzucchi SE, Curtis JP, Gorman MJ, Furie KL, Conwit R, Spatz E, Lovejoy A, Abbott JD, Jacoby DL, Kolansky DM, Ling FS, Pfau SE, Kernan WN, IRIS Investigators Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Smoking cessation and outcome after ischemic stroke or TIA
Conclusion: Cessation of cigarette smoking after an ischemic stroke or TIA was associated with significant health benefits over 4.8 years in the IRIS trial cohort.
Source: Neurology - October 16, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Epstein, K. A., Viscoli, C. M., Spence, J. D., Young, L. H., Inzucchi, S. E., Gorman, M., Gerstenhaber, B., Guarino, P. D., Dixit, A., Furie, K. L., Kernan, W. N., For the IRIS Trial Investigators Tags: Stroke prevention, Prognosis, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Infarction ARTICLE Source Type: research

3 Drugs with the Most Severe Side Effects
Image Source Drugs have been known to have some sort of side effects on patients. Most of them are not often discussed in the health tabloids. While other drugs have side effects that are very nominal when compared to the benefits the patient derives from their usage, others have side effects that can impact the lives of their users forever. The most common side effects people experience from drug usage are gastrointestinal related issues which include constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Some other drugs can leave you feeling tired and dizzy for a short period of time. Combining these drugs with simple aspirin will usuall...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - August 19, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Ameliorates White Matter Lesion and Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment of pioglitazone has beneficial effect on hypertension-induced WML and cognition decline, which may partly through its effect on attenuation of arteriolar remodeling, endothelial activation, and brain inflammation. PMID: 25611692 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - January 22, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Lan LF, Zheng L, Yang X, Ji XT, Fan YH, Zeng JS Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Risk factors associated with abnormal cognition in Japanese outpatients with diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidemia
Conclusions Because of the higher prevalence of abnormal cognition in aged outpatients with diabetes found in primary care practice and significant associations with serum albumin, uric acid, renal function, retinopathy and antidiabetic drugs, there is a need for early diagnosis and strategies against dementia.
Source: Diabetology International - November 9, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research