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The effect of type 2 diabetes on CD36 expression and the uptake of oxLDL: Diabetes affects CD36 and oxLDL uptake.
Abstract We investigated whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a risk factor of stroke, affects the level of scavenger receptor CD36 and the uptake of its ligand, oxidized LDL (oxLDL); and whether pioglitazone, a drug that enhances CD36, promotes oxLDL uptake. Compared to normoglycemic db/+ mice, adult db/db mice showed a pronounced reduction in surface CD36 expression on myeloid cells from the blood, brain, and bone marrow as detected by flow cytometry, which correlated with elevated plasma soluble-CD36 as determined by ELISA. Increased CD36 expression was found in brain macrophages and microglia of both genot...
Source: Experimental Neurology - September 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Kanoke A, Nishijima Y, Ljungberg M, Omodaka S, Yang SY, Wong S, Rabiller G, Tominaga T, Hsieh CL, Liu J Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Heart Failure After Ischemic Stroke or TIA in Insulin-Resistant Patients Without Diabetes Treated with Pioglitazone.
Conclusions -In IRIS, with surveillance and dose adjustments, pioglitazone did not increase risk of HF, and conferred net cardiovascular benefit in patients with insulin resistance and cerebrovascular disease. The risk of HF with pioglitazone was not modified by baseline HF risk. The IRIS experience may be instructive for maximizing the net benefit of this therapy. Clinical Trial Registration -URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov Unique identifier: NCT00091949. PMID: 29934374 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Circulation - June 22, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Young LH, Viscoli CM, Schwartz GG, Inzucchi SE, Curtis JP, Gorman MJ, Furie KL, Conwit R, Spatz E, Lovejoy A, Abbott JD, Jacoby DL, Kolansky DM, Ling FS, Pfau SE, Kernan WN, IRIS Investigators Tags: Circulation Source Type: research

Impact of treatment with pioglitazone on stroke outcomes: A real ‐world database analysis
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, EarlyView.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - June 4, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Christopher Ll Morgan MSc , Silvio E. Inzucchi MD , Jorge Puelles MSc , Sara Jenkins ‐Jones MSc , Craig J. Currie PhD Source Type: research

Expensive New Diabetes Drugs Add Nothing But Cost And Complications
This is the fourth in an ongoing series of blogs exposing the rampant misuse of the medications so aggressively promoted by greedy drug companies. I am very lucky in having the perfect partner in this truth-vs-power effort to contradict Pharma propaganda with evidence based fact. Dick Bijl is President of the International Society of Drug Bulletins (ISDB), an impressive association of 53 national drug bulletins from all around the world, each of which publishes the best available data on the pluses and minuses of different medications. Drug bulletins help patients and doctors see through the misleading misinformation ge...
Source: Science - The Huffington Post - November 17, 2016 Category: Science Source Type: news

Diabetes drug pioglitazone could get personal: Neither panacea, nor peril
When I was in training, one of my beloved mentors declared, “I never use a drug until it’s been on the market for 20 years.” I was young enough then that I couldn’t fathom being a doctor for 20 years, let alone waiting two decades to use a new drug. As my career has progressed, I’ve seen many new drugs released to the market. Some of them are truly miraculous, bringing people longer, healthier, and more productive lives. Many of them have not withstood the test of time. More than a few have even been taken off the market. Even though the Food and Drug Administration diligently reviews each new medicine before it�...
Source: New Harvard Health Information - May 5, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Lori Wiviott Tishler, MD, MPH Tags: Diabetes Drugs and Supplements pioglitazone thiazolidinediones Source Type: news

Revitalization of pioglitazone: the optimum agent to be combined with a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor
The recently completed EMPA‐REG study showed that empagliflozin significantly decreased the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) endpoint, which comprised cardiovascular death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, in patients with high‐risk type 2 diabetes (T2DM), primarily through a reduction in cardiovascular death, without a significant decrease in either MI or stroke. In the PROactive study, pioglitazone decreased the MACE endpoint by a similar degree to that observed in the EMPA‐REG study, through a marked reduction in both recurrent MI and stroke and a modest reduction in cardiovascular death. Thes...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - April 5, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. A. DeFronzo, R. Chilton, L. Norton, G. Clarke, R. E. J. Ryder, M. Abdul‐Ghani Tags: PERSPECTIVE Source Type: research

Revitalization of Pioglitazone: The Optimal Agent to be Combined with an SGLT2 Inhibitor
ABSTRACT The recently completed EMPA‐REG study demonstrated that empagliflozin significantly decreased the MACE endpoint (cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, stroke) in high risk type 2 diabetic patients, primarily due to a reduction in cardiovascular death, without a significant decrease in either myocardial infarction or stroke. In PROactive, pioglitazone decreased the MACE endpoint by a similar degree to that in EMPA‐REG, due to a marked reduction in both recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke and a modest reduction in cardiovascular death. These observations suggest that pioglitazone might be an ideal agent to c...
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - February 25, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ralph A. DeFronzo, Robert Chilton, Luke Norton, Geoffrey Clarke, Robert E.J. Ryder, Muhammad Abdul‐Ghani Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Ten‐year observational follow‐up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the observational study design.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - January 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Erdmann, S. Harding, H. Lam, A. Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

10‐Year Observational Follow‐Up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution due to limitations of the observational study design.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - November 23, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Erland Erdmann, Sarah Harding, Hung Lam, Alfonso Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Observational follow‐up of the PROactive study: a 6‐year update†
ConclusionsThese data suggest that improved macrovascular outcomes seen with pioglitazone subside without continued pioglitazone treatment. The double‐blind period bladder cancer imbalance did not persist in follow‐up.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - August 19, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: E. Erdmann, E. Song, R. Spanheimer, A.‐R. van Troostenburg de Bruyn, A. Perez Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Observational follow‐up of the PROactive Study: a 6‐year update
ConclusionsThese data suggest that improved macrovascular outcomes seen with pioglitazone subside without continued pioglitazone treatment. The double‐blind period bladder cancer imbalance did not persist in follow‐up.
Source: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism - July 22, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Erland Erdmann, Eric Song, Robert Spanheimer, Anne‐Ruth van Troostenburg de Bruyn, Alfonso Perez Tags: Original Paper Source Type: research