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Condition: Stroke
Drug: Actos

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Total 156 results found since Jan 2013.

Serum uric acid and diabetes: from pathophysiology to cardiovascular disease.
Abstract Hyperuricemia, has been traditionally related to nephrolithiasis and gout. However, it has also been associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Pathophysiologically, elevated serum uric acid (SUA) levels may be associated with abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. In this narrative review, we consider the associations between hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Furthermore, we comment on the available evidence linking elevated SUA levels with the incidence and outcomes of coronary heart disease, stroke, per...
Source: Current Pharmaceutical Design - January 4, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Katsiki N, Dimitriadis GD, Mikhailidis DP Tags: Curr Pharm Des Source Type: research

Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone reduced or delayed the development of T2DM in people at increased risk of T2DM compared with placebo (low-certainty evidence) and compared with no intervention (moderate-certainty evidence). It is unclear whether the effect of pioglitazone is sustained once discontinued. Pioglitazone compared with metformin neither showed advantage nor disadvantage regarding the development of T2DM in people at increased risk (low-certainty evidence). The data and reporting of all-cause mortality, SAEs, micro- and macrovascular complications were generally sparse. None of the included studies reported on QoL or so...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - November 19, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ipsen EØ, Madsen KS, Chi Y, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Richter B, Metzendorf MI, Hemmingsen B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

The effect of type 2 diabetes on CD36 expression and the uptake of oxLDL: Diabetes affects CD36 and oxLDL uptake.
Abstract We investigated whether type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a risk factor of stroke, affects the level of scavenger receptor CD36 and the uptake of its ligand, oxidized LDL (oxLDL); and whether pioglitazone, a drug that enhances CD36, promotes oxLDL uptake. Compared to normoglycemic db/+ mice, adult db/db mice showed a pronounced reduction in surface CD36 expression on myeloid cells from the blood, brain, and bone marrow as detected by flow cytometry, which correlated with elevated plasma soluble-CD36 as determined by ELISA. Increased CD36 expression was found in brain macrophages and microglia of both genot...
Source: Experimental Neurology - September 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Kanoke A, Nishijima Y, Ljungberg M, Omodaka S, Yang SY, Wong S, Rabiller G, Tominaga T, Hsieh CL, Liu J Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Pioglitazone for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: a retrospective study
Studies assessing the efficacy of pioglitazone solely for primary stroke prevention in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and present multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are rare. Thus, we...
Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology - June 20, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yi-Chih Hung, Lu-Ting Chiu, Hung-Yu Huang and Da-Tian Bau Tags: Original investigation Source Type: research

Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) – Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: David S.H. Bell, Edison Goncalves Tags: Review Source Type: research

Stroke in the patient with diabetes (Part 2) -Prevention and the effects of glucose lowering therapies
There is a higher incidence of stroke in both the type 2 diabetic and the non-diabetic insulin resistant patient which is accompanied by higher morbidity and mortality. Stroke primary prevention can be achieved by controlling atrial fibrillation and hypertension, and the utilization of statins and anticoagulant therapies. Utilizing pioglitazone and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of stroke while the utilization of metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, DPP-4 and SGLT-2 inhibitors have no effect.
Source: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice - May 11, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Authors: David S.H. Bell, Edison Goncalves Tags: Review Source Type: research

Medical Management for Secondary Stroke Prevention
This article reviews the evidence base and recommendations for medical management for secondary stroke prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Recent developments for secondary stroke prevention include evidence to support the use of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy after minor stroke and transient ischemic attack, direct oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, reversal agents for direct oral anticoagulant–associated hemorrhage, and aspirin rather than presumptive anticoagulation with a direct oral anticoagulant for embolic stroke of undetermined source. SUMMARY Most strokes are preventable. The mainstays ...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - April 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

PPARγ is a gatekeeper for extracellular matrix and vascular cell homeostasis: beneficial role in pulmonary hypertension and renal/cardiac/pulmonary fibrosis
Purpose of review Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and apoptosis, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, inflammation, vasoconstriction, and metabolic disturbances that include disrupted bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) axis and DNA damage. Activation of PPARγ improves many of these mechanisms, although erroneous reports on potential adverse effects of thiazolidinedione (TZD)-class PPARγ agonists reduced their clinical use in the past decade. Here, we...
Source: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension - January 30, 2020 Category: Urology & Nephrology Tags: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYPERTENSION: Edited by Nancy J. Brown Source Type: research

Association of glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and evidence map
We examined the association between glucose-lowering medications and a broad range of cardiovascular outcomes, and assessed the strength of evidence for these associations.MethodsFor this umbrella review we searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials examining the cardiovascular safety of glucose-lowering medications. Cardiovascular outcomes examined included major adverse cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, unstable angina, and atrial fibrillation. For each meta-analysis, we estimat...
Source: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology - January 30, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Pioglitazone and PPAR- γ modulating treatment in hypertensive and type 2 diabetic patients after ischemic stroke: a national cohort study
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ (PPAR-γ) modulating treatment may have cardiovascular benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after ischemic stroke (IS). However, whether there are ad...
Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology - January 7, 2020 Category: Cardiology Authors: Chi-Hung Liu, Tsong-Hai Lee, Yu-Sheng Lin, Pi-Shan Sung, Yi-Chia Wei and Yan-Rong Li Tags: Original investigation Source Type: research

Pioglitazone for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with or at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Pioglitazone should be considered in patients with or at high risk of T2DM for the prevention of cardiovascular endpoints, especially in those with a history of established CVD who might benefit the most. Robust reductions in progression of renal disease are seen regardless of baseline renal function degree. PMID: 31822895 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 10, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhou Y, Huang Y, Ji X, Wang X, Shen L, Wang Y Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in people with stroke or transient ischaemic attack.
CONCLUSIONS: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists probably reduce recurrent stroke and total events of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and may improve insulin sensitivity and the stabilisation of carotid plaques. Their effects on adverse events are uncertain. Our conclusions should be interpreted with caution considering the small number and the quality of the included studies. Further well-designed, double-blind RCTs with large samples are required to assess the efficacy and safety of PPAR-γ agonists in the secondary prevention of stroke and related vascular...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - October 8, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Liu J, Wang LN Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Activation of The Metabolic Master Regulator PPAR γ - A Potential PIOneering Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
The objective is a data-driven approach to set the preclinical and clinical study record straight. The convincing recent clinical trial data on the lack of significant toxicity in high risk populations justify the timely conduction of clinical studies in order to achieve "repurposing" or "repositioning" of pioglitazone for the treatment of clinical PAH. PMID: 31577451 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Am J Respir Cell Mol... - October 1, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Hansmann G, Calvier L, Risbano MG, Chan SY Tags: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol Source Type: research

Effect of pioglitazone in acute ischemic stroke patients with diabetes mellitus: a nested case –control study
Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic drug with multiple pleiotropic actions. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment with pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular risk in patients who have had an is...
Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology - May 31, 2019 Category: Cardiology Authors: Min-Hee Woo, Hye Sun Lee and Jinkwon Kim Tags: Original investigation Source Type: research

Cardiovascular effects of pioglitazone or sulphonylureas according to pretreatment risk: moving towards personalized care.
CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to identify patients with type 2 diabetes early in the stage of their disease and largely free from evident cardiovascular disease, in whom add-on pioglitazone to metformin confers cardiovascular protection as compared to sulphonylureas. PMID: 31058962 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism - May 5, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vaccaro O, Lucisano G, Masulli M, Bonora E, Del Prato S, Rivellese AA, Giorda CB, Mocarelli P, Squatrito S, Maggioni AP, Riccardi G, Nicolucci A, TOSCA.IT investigators Tags: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research